The Ern Malley edition of Angry Penguins.

Ernest Lalor " Ern " Malley was a fictitious poet and the central figure in Australia's most celebrated literary hoax.

Since the 1970s, however, the Ern Malley poems, though known to be a hoax, became celebrated as a successful example of surrealist poetry in their own right, lauded by poets and critics such as John Ashbery and Robert Hughes.

They came up with a fictional biography for the poet " Ern Malley ", who they claimed had died the year before at the age of 25.

David Brooks argued in his 2011 book, The Sons of Clovis: Ern Malley, Adoré Floupette and a Secret History of Australian Poetry, that the Ern Malley hoax was modelled on the 1885 satire on French Symbolism and the Decadent movement, Les Déliquescences d ' Adoré Floupette by Henri Beauclair and Gabriel Vicaire.

After his mother's death in August 1933, Ern Malley left school to work as an auto mechanic.

Ern Malley, he thought, was a poet in the same class as W. H. Auden or Dylan Thomas.

Alarmed, Harris hired a private detective to establish whether Ern and Ethel Malley existed or had ever done so.

The next week, the Sydney Sunday Sun, which had been conducting some investigative reporting, ran a front-page story alleging that the Ern Malley poems had in fact been written by McAuley and Stewart.

The Ern Malley hoax was on the front pages of the newspapers for weeks, and Harris was humiliated.

The Ern Malley hoax had long-lasting repercussions.

Controversy over Ern Malley continued for more than twenty years.

Modernist novelists like Patrick White and abstract painters found themselves tarred with the Ern Malley brush.

Since both McAuley and Stewart and the left-wing nationalist school around Vance and Nettie Palmer disliked the Angry Penguins version of modernism with equal venom, though for different reasons, Ern Malley cast a long shadow over Australian cultural life.

In a 1975 interview with Earle Hackett, Sidney Nolan credited Ern Malley with inspiring him to paint his first Ned Kelly series ( 1946-47 ), saying " It made me take the risk of putting against the Australian bush an utterly strange object.

Harris, however, once he recovered from his humiliation in the Ern Malley hoax, made the best of his notoriety.

In 1961, as a gesture of defiance, he re-published the Ern Malley poems, maintaining that whatever McAuley and Stewart had intended to do, they had, in fact, produced some memorable poems.

His political views moved significantly to the right as he got older ( he had been a member of the Communist Party at the time of the hoax ), and in the mid-1960s, he claimed to sympathise with McAuley and Stewart's motivations in creating Ern Malley.

The fictional Ern Malley achieved a measure of celebrity.

Some literary critics take the view that McAuley and Stewart outsmarted themselves in their concoction of the Ern Malley poems.

The energy of invention that McAuley and Stewart brought to their concoction of Ern Malley created an icon of literary value, and that is why he continues to haunt our culture.

Peter Carey's 2003 novel My Life as a Fake draws some of its inspiration from the Ern Malley affair.

The 1944 Ern Malley affair led to an obscenity trial and is often blamed for the lack of modernist poetry in Australia.

To mark the 60th anniversary of the Ern Malley affair, another Australian writer, Leon Carmen, set out to make a point about the prejudice of Australian publishers against white Australians.

The Black Swan of Trespass, based on the Ern Malley affair, was produced at the Melbourne Fringe Festival, BSharp, Belvoir, and Tower Room Theatre at the Malthouse in 2005, and earned her a Green Room Award and a MIFA award at the Melbourne Fringe Festival.

Operating in Beverly Hills ( and claiming representation in Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand ), it used similar roadshow techniques to market television programs such as The Ern Westmore Show.

Elliot Perlman recounts the tale of the Ern Malley hoax in his 2003 novel Seven Types of Ambiguity.

In the early years of the 21st century, the artist Garry Shead produced a series of well-received paintings based on the Ern Malley hoax.

Windschuttle states: " A real hoax, like that of Alan Sokal and Ern Malley, is designed to expose editors who are pretentious, ignorant or at least over-enthusiastic about certain subjects.

James McAuley and Harold Stewart were later to become notorious for perpetrating the Ern Malley hoax.

The White-tailed Eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla ) — also called the Sea Eagle, Erne ( sometimes Ern ), and White-tailed Sea-eagle — is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which includes other raptors such as hawks, kites, and harriers.

From 1951 to 1955, he published another literary magazine, which he called Ern Malley's Journal.

* Ern Malley's complete poems

* George Hawtin and his brother Ern Hawtin were early leaders and evangelists in the movement, who traveled to spread the word.

From the mid-1970s a hierarchical ecclesiology was adopted in the form of the Shepherding Movement's whole-of-life discipleship / shepherding of members by personal pastors ( usually their " cell group " leader ) who in turn were accountable also to their personal pastors, and so forth, through to Howard Carter who related to the apostolic group in Christian Growth Ministries of Bob Mumford, Charles Simpson, Ern Baxter, Derek Prince, and Don Basham, in Ft Lauderdale, USA ( whose network was estimated to have approx.

They were Mont, Wally, Perc, Ern, Bud and Frank.

Former mayors include Gary Baildon, Lex Bell, Ray Stevens, Ern Harley and Sir Bruce Small, who was responsible for the development of many of the canal estates that are now home to thousands of Gold Coast residents.

* Video clip of Eric and Ern in an advert for Texaco with racing driver James Hunt.

* Video clip of Eric and Ern in an advert for the Atari 2600 computer games console.

Ern is a great lover of poetry, or " portry " as he calls it, though he never finished any poem ( or ' pome ' as he calls it ) but Fatty can always finish it for him.

Sid has an obsession for eating toffee but he soon switches to chewing gum later in the series ( according to Ern ).

Earnest " Big Ern " Stewart ( born 28 March 1969 in Veghel, Netherlands ) is a Dutch-American soccer player who was a regular midfielder for the U. S. national team from 1990s until his retirement in 2005.

Ern, at RKO from 1929 to 1931 and then at 20th Century Fox from 1935, was adept at finding the right look for stars of the 1930s.

Bradman arranged for Lindwall to see his Melbourne masseur Ern Saunders, who had Lindwall's leg back to prime condition in a fortnight.

It won for three of them, including a special award for make-up to Ern Westmore.