However, in 1774, the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act, which restored the French civil law for matters of private law ( e. g., contracts, property, successions ), while keeping the English common law as the basis for public law in the colony, notably the criminal law.

The three remaining EFA member parties in Parliament ( SNP, VU and Canarian Coalition ) formed a common group with the French Energie Radicale list and the Italian Pannella List.

Many French people are uninterested in such matters: only 40 % of the French electorate voted in the 2009 European Parliament elections.

They include the Parti de Gauche and the French Communist Party, which formed the Front de Gauche for the 2009 European Parliament elections and obtained 6. 3 % of the votes.

In 1885, to get rid of habitual criminals and to increase the number of colonists, the French Parliament passed a law that anyone, male or female, who had more than three sentences for theft of more than three months each, would be sent to French Guiana as a " relégué.

At first, Charles II opposed the alliance with the Dutch ruler — he preferred that Mary marry the heir to the French Throne, the Dauphin Louis, thus allying his realms with Catholic France and strengthening the odds of a Catholic successor in Britain ; but later, under pressure from Parliament and with a coalition with the Catholic French no longer politically favourable, he approved the union.

At a national level, New Caledonia is represented in the French Parliament by two deputies and two senators.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

* Parliament of the French Community

This in turn led to the new French constitution of the Fourth Republic approved on 27 October 1946 and the election of the first African members of Parliament in Paris.

On 27 April 1848, following the February revolution in France, a law was passed in Paris enabling the Four Quarters to elect a Deputy to the French Parliament for the first time.

Besides, the Congress of France-the name given to the body created when both houses of the French Parliament, the National Assembly and the Senate, meet-gathers in the Château de Versailles to vote on revisions to the Constitution.

After that, Versailles was never again the seat of the capital of France, but the presence of the French Parliament there in the 1870s left a vast hall built in one aisle of the palace which is still used by the French Parliament when it meets in Congress to amend the French Constitution, as well as when the French president addresses the two chambers of the French Parliament.

The parade passes down the Champs-Élysées from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de la Concorde, where the President of the French Republic, his government and foreign ambassadors to France stand.

The captain of the Quedagh Merchant was an Englishman named Wright, who had purchased passes from the French East India Company promising him the protection of the French Crown.

After realising the captain of the taken vessel was an Englishman, Kidd tried to persuade his crew to return the ship to its owners, but they refused, claiming that their prey was perfectly legal as Kidd was commissioned to take French ships, and that an Armenian ship counted as French if it had French passes.

Kidd kept the French passes of the Quedagh Merchant, as well as the vessel itself.

In particular, the two sets of French passes he had kept were missing at his trial.

While Villars wanted to immediately move to secure the Alpine passes against Austrian reinforcements by moving against Mantua, Charles Emmanuel, mistrustful of his French allies and their dealings with Spain, sought to secure Milan.

* March – Louis XIV of France passes the " Code Noir ", allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies.

* 1271 – The County of Toulouse passes to the French crown via the Treaty of Languedoc.

The island is separated from the mainland by the dangerous French Pass, known to Māori as Te Aumiti, through which water passes at up to at each tide.

* Myth Adventurer passes quietly in French Quarter home obituary at Everything New Orleans

The Austrian advance into Piedmont was incompetent, and they were unable to secure the Alpine passes before the arrival of the French army, led personally by Napoleon III.

Denim ( which gets its name from the French city of Nîmes ( de Nîmes )) is a rugged cotton twill textile, in which the weft passes under two ( twi-" double ") or more warp threads.

His plan therefore was to land five thousand French troops at Dundee, where they might reach the north-eastern passes of the Highlands in a days march, and be in a position to divert the British troops till the Highlands should have time to rise.

Britain's North American ( American ) colonies were expanding into areas claimed by France by the 1750s, and the efforts of French forces and their Indian allies to seal off the westward passes and approaches through which American colonists could move west soon led to the skirmishes that developed into the French and Indian War in 1754.

On the day of the assassination, the Jackal, disguised as a one-legged French war veteran, passes through the police checkpoints, carrying his custom rifle concealed in the sections of a crutch.

* 1969-The Parliament of Canada, under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, passes Bill C-120: An Act Respecting the Status of Official Languages in Canada, making both French and English the official languages of all Canada.

* 1969-The Union Nationale government of Jean-Jacques Bertrand passes " Bill 63 " which confirms the status quo on the language of instruction in the public schools ( Parents can choose English or French ).

These positions would prevent the Allies of the Second Coalition from moving troops back and forth between the northern Italian and German theaters, but would allow French access to these strategic passes.

It can also be granted to a permanent resident who has lived in Canada for 1095 days during the four years prior to applying, can function in the French or English language and passes a Canadian knowledge test.

The situation was very dangerous for the allies-if Vandamme won, the French would take the passes in the mountain, and the retreating allies ' army could be trapped by Napoleon.

Lettres de cachet were abolished after the French Revolution by the Constituent Assembly, but Napoleon reestablished their penal equivalent by a political measure in the decree of 8 March 1801 on the state prisons.

The President of the Third French Republic, Jules Grévy, on the recommendation of his Minister of Foreign Affairs Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire and with the presentations of the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs Louis Cochery, designated Edison with the distinction of an ' Officer of the Legion of Honour ' ( Légion d ' honneur ) by decree on November 10, 1881 ; He also named a Chevalier in 1879, and a Commander in 1889.

The following decree of the National Convention on August 23, 1793 clearly demonstrates the immensity of the French war effort, when the French front line forces grew to some 800, 000 with a total of 1. 5 million in all services — the first time an army in excess of a million had been mobilized in Western history.

In the campaign of 1813 Allied forces in the German theater alone amounted to nearly one million whilst two years later in the Hundred Days a French decree called for the total mobilization of some 2. 5 million men ( though at most a fifth of this was managed by the time of the French defeat at Waterloo ).

King Louis XV, dissatisfied with Clement XIII's action in regard to the Duke of Parma, occupied the Papal States from 1768 to 1774 and substituted French institutions for those in force with the approval of the people of Avignon ; a French party grew up which, after the sanguinary massacres of La Glacière between the adherents of the Papacy and the Republicans ( 16 – 17 October 1791 ), carried all before it, and induced the Constituent Assembly to decree the union of Avignon and the Comtat ( comital district ) Venaissin with France on 14 September 1791.

Based on a decree by Emperor Francis II inflicting punishments on German subjects who collaborated with the French revolutionary government, Forster was declared an outlaw in the name of the Emperor ( under the Reichsacht ), a prize of 100 ducats was set on his head and he could not return to Germany.

To add to the 90, 000-strong standing army, he recalled well over a quarter of a million veterans from past campaigns and issued a decree for the eventual draft of around 2. 5 million new men into the French army.

French decimal time is sometimes called " metric time " because it was introduced around the same time as the metric system and both were decimal, but the April 7, 1795, decree creating the original metric units and prefixes actually suspended the previous decimal time decree, which had named the units hour, minute and second instead of using metric prefixes.

The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed on 14 July 1795, making it France's first anthem.

The Sorbonne itself was suppressed by decree of 5 April 1792, after the French Revolution.

According to his memoirs, Haussmann's use of the title baron was based on his elevation to the Senate and to an 1857 decree of the emperor's that gave Senate members the title of baron ; his memoirs further stated that he joked that he might consider the title aqueduc, ( a pun on the French words for ' duke ' and ' aqueduct ') but that no such title existed.

Prince Eugène was adopted by Napoleon on 12 January 1806 ; while excluded from the French empire's succession, he was given presumptive rights for him and his descendants in the male line to the throne of Italy in the absence of a second son of Napoleon on 16 February 1806, and hence on 20 December 1807 given the title of Prince de Venise (' Prince of Venice '), which had been instituted by article 9 of the decree of 30 March 1806 ( when the former Austrian province of Venice was united to Bonaparte's kingdom of Italy ) for the Heir Presumptive to Napoleon in Italy.

In February 1701, the French King caused the Parlement of Paris ( a court ) to register a decree that should Louis himself have no heir then the Duke of Anjou — Phillip V of Spain — would surrender the Spanish throne for that of the French, ensuring dynastic continuity in Europe's greatest land power.

The 1865 decree was then modified by the 1870 Crémieux decrees, which granted French nationality to Jews living in one of the three Algerian departments.

Under Vichy, the French state attempted to abrogate the Crémieux decree in order to suppress the Jews ' having French citizenship, but the measure was never implemented.

During the French Napoleonic occupation, Andijk became an independent municipality on 1 January 1812 by imperial decree of 21 October 1811.

According to Samuel L. French, author of Reminiscences of Plymouth, Luzerne County, Penna., "... the present Borough of Plymouth was erected by decree of Honorable John N. Conyngham, President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County, on the 23rd day of April, A. D., 1866, upon the recommendation of the Grand Jury ..."

One of his actions in this position was to secure, with others, and in the face of threats and ridicule, the passage of a decree of 27 September 1791 ( confirmed by Legislative Assembly on 30 November of the same year ), which declared Jews to be French citizens, with all rights and privileges.