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* The German Luftwaffes chief of intelligence, Colonel Josef " Beppo " Schmid, reports that the British Royal Air Force and French Air Force are " clearly inferior in strength and armament in comparison to the Luftwaffe ," that even an entry into World War II by the United States would not alone improve the status of Allied air power during 1940, and that British fighters stood little chance in combat with the German Messerschmitt Bf 110 twin-engine fighter.
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German and Luftwaffes
The premature death of one of the Luftwaffes finest officers, one that left the Luftwaffe without a strategic air force during World War II, eventually proved fatal to the German war effort.
As well as the Luftwaffes bombs, German heavy artillery ( which had just come within range ) also fired high-explosive shells into Dunkirk.
At the end of Second World War, the Luftwaffes most critical requirement was for interceptors as the Commonwealth and American air forces pounded German targets night and day.
* Junkers Ju 87 with German Luftwaffes I.
* June 27 – The Luftwaffes chief of procurement Ernst Udet – the second-ranking German ace of World War I and a famous stunt pilot – takes the prototype of the Heinkel He 118 dive bomber up for a test flight, but mismanages propeller pitch settings during a dive, causing the plane to crash.
* November 6 – The German Luftwaffes Condor Legion, a force of about 100 aircraft, begins to depart Germany for Seville, Spain, to support Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War.
* October 24 – The Luftwaffes I. Gruppe, Nachtjagdgeschwader 2, scores the first aerial victory by a German night intruder aircraft during World War II with a kill over England.
* November 17 – Ernst Udet, the Luftwaffes Director-General of Equipment and the second-highest German ace of World War I ( 62 victories ), commits suicide.
The German, Italian, and Soviet air forces have learned a great deal about the employment of modern aircraft in warfare through their involvement, and the Luftwaffes Condor Legion in particular has used the conflict to test new aircraft and revolutionary new air warfare concepts.
* February 11 – 13 – 250 Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke Wulf Fw 190 fighters and 30 Messerschmitt Bf 110 night fighters participate in Operation Thunderbolt, the German Luftwaffes defense of the battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen as they make the " Channel Dash " ( Operation Cerberus ) from Brest, France, to Wilhelmshaven and Brunsbüttel, Germany, via the English Channel and Strait of Dover.
* The Luftwaffes Fliegerkorps X joins Fliegerkorps II in the heavy German air campaign against Malta.
German and chief
An abbot ( from Old English abbod, abbad, from Latin abbas (“ father ”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς ( abbas ), from Aramaic ܐܒܐ / אבא (’ abbā, “ father ”); confer German Abt ; French abbé ) is the head and chief governor of a community of monks, called also in the East hegumen or archimandrite.
* 1947 – Hans Biebow, German Nazi chief ( b. 1902 )
He entered the Kriegsakademie ( also cited as " The German War School ," the " Military Academy in Berlin ," and the " Prussian Military Academy ") in Berlin in 1801 ( age 21 ), studied the writings of the philosopher Immanuel Kant, and won the regard of General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, the future first chief of staff of the new Prussian Army ( appointed 1809 ).
Heinrich Himmler was the chief architect of the plan, and the German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler termed it " the final solution of the Jewish question " ().
His chief activity, however, centred on the elaboration of his Comparative Grammar, which appeared in six parts at considerable intervals ( Berlin, 1833, 1835, 1842, 1847, 1849, 1852 ), under the title Vergleichende Grammatik des Sanskrit, Zend, Griechischen, Lateinischen, Litthauischen, Altslawischen, Gotischen und Deutschen ( Comparative Grammar of Sanskrit, Zend ( Avestan ), Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Old Slavonic, Gothic and German ).
In this, he ran into conflict with Heinrich Himmler, who was police chief of the second most powerful German state, Bavaria.
Also on that date, Hitler appointed Himmler chief of all German police outside Prussia.
Also on that date, Hitler appointed Himmler chief of all German police outside Prussia.
The demise of the impi finally came about with the success of European colonization of Africa-first in southern Africa by the British, and finally in East Africa as German colonialists defeated the last of the impi-style formations under Mkawawa, chief of the Hehe of Tanzania.
German Chancellor Wirth arranged for Krupp to secretly continue designing artillery and tanks, coordinating with army chief Von Seeckt and navy chief Paul Behncke.
The Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union, also known as the Nazi – Soviet Pact and the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact ( after its chief architects, Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop ) was a non-aggression pact, signed in Moscow in the late hours of 23 August 1939, at the height of the Nomonhan fighting in the far east between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan.
As the German grip tightened, the Livonians rebelled against the crusaders and the christened chief but the uprising was put down.
On April 20, 1934, ( as a prelude to the Night of the Long Knives ), Göring transferred the Gestapo to Himmler, who was also named chief of all German police forces outside Prussia ; two days later Himmler named Heydrich the head of the Gestapo.
Himmler was named the chief of all German police ( nominally in that role subordinate to Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick ) on June 17, 1936.
In July 1961 during the Berlin Crisis of 1961 KGB chief Alexander Shelepin sent a memorandum to Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev containing an array of proposals to create a situation in various areas of the world which would favor dispersion of attention and forces by the US and their satellites, and would tie them down during the settlement of the question of a German peace treaty and West Berlin.
** Reinhard Heydrich, chief of the Security Police, sent a directive, the Schnellbrief, explaining that Jews living in towns and villages in the Polish occupation zones were to be transferred to ghettos, and Jewish councils – Judenräte – would be established to carry out the German authorities ’ orders.
** Eduard Wirths, German doctor, chief SS doctor at Auschwitz concentration camp ( suicide ) ( b. 1909 )
* Arminius, German war chief
* A Roman army of 50, 000 men commanded by Germanicus gains a great victory at Idistaviso, defeating the German war chief Arminius and recovering the lost eagles of Varus ' legions.
The first true hollow charge effect was discovered in 1883 by the German Max von Foerster ( 1845 – 1905 ), chief of the nitrocellulose factory of Wolff & Co. in Walsrode, Germany.
In an attempt to " clean up " Berlin, the German Ministry of the Interior authorized the chief of police to arrest all Romani ( Gypsies ) and keep them in a " special camp ," the Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp.
" Generaloberst Alfred Jodl, chief of staff of the German Army, stated that Patton " was the American Guderian.
In other German opera houses, the term generally refers to a deputy conductor reporting to the Generalmusikdirektor ( General Music Director, usually also the chief conductor ).
Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, writing under the pseudonym " Febronius ", the chief German literary exponent of Gallican ideas of national Catholic Churches, was himself induced ( not without scandal ) publicly to retract his positions ; but they were adopted in Austria nevertheless.
German and intelligence
He declined offers from German bishops and finally retired to the monastery of Cluny, where he died at a high age, leaving behind a solid reputation for piety and intelligence.
* Bundesnachrichtendienst, German intelligence agency
Before the speech, US delegations met with Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, and French President Charles de Gaulle to brief them on the US intelligence and their proposed response.
Yet despite extensive collaboration, the Vichy regime engaged a programme of arresting German intelligence agents in the unoccupied zone, with the purpose of preserving Vichy's sovereignty ; around 2, 000 were arrested and some were subsequently executed.
German psychologist William Stern proposed a method of scoring children's intelligence tests in 1912.
However, Jellicoe certainly made no significant mistakes during the battle: based on limited intelligence, he correctly deployed the Grand Fleet with a turn to port so as to " cross the T " of the German High Seas Fleet as it appeared.
She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Russian intelligence in either London or Moscow.
In 1899, the Imperial Naval High Command was replaced by the German Imperial Admiralty Staff ( Admiralstab ) responsible for planning, the training of officers, and naval intelligence.
Writer Budd Schulberg, assigned by the US Navy to the OSS for intelligence work while attached to John Ford ’ s documentary unit, was ordered to arrest Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel, Austria, ostensibly to have her identify the faces of Nazi war criminals in German film footage captured by the Allied troops.
He also played the decisive role in coordinating the Soviet partisans, developing an impressive intelligence and sabotage network behind German lines.
During that time, German intelligence believed that the Allies also knew of these compounds, assuming that because these compounds were not discussed in the Allies ' scientific journals information about them was being suppressed.
He also parachuted behind German lines a number of times, in order to gain intelligence.
After German reunification in 1990, it was confirmed that the RAF had received financial and logistic support from the Stasi, the security and intelligence organization of East Germany, which had given several members shelter and new identities.
A52 Oste, an Oste class fleet service ship | Oste class Signals intelligence # Electronic signals intelligence | ELINT ( Electronic signals intelligence ) and reconnaissance ship, of the German Navy
Other researchers have documented the contribution made from other Warsaw Pact intelligence agencies to the fledgling Sandinista government including the East German Stasi, by using recently declassified documents from Berlin as well as from former Stasi spymaster Markus Wolf who described the Stasi's assistance in the creation of a secret police force modeled on East Germany's
For instance, the Abwehr ( the German military intelligence service ) used a four-rotor machine without a plugboard, and Naval Enigma used different key management from that of the Army or Air Force, making its traffic far more difficult to cryptanalyse.
An earlier military Enigma machine had been captured by Polish Intelligence in 1928 ; Polish intelligence broke the Enigma code in 1932 and gave their findings to Britain and France in 1939, just before the German invasion of Poland.
Agents from both of the German intelligence services, the Abwehr and Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ), were apprehended.
Following a July 1940 conference in Kiel, the Abwehr ( German intelligence ) launched an espionage campaign against Britain involving both intelligence gathering and sabotage.
German intelligence used the agent reports to construct an order of battle for the Allied forces that placed the centre of gravity of the invasion force opposite Pas de Calais, the point on the French coast closest to England and therefore a likely invasion site.
The false information Pujol supplied helped persuade German intelligence that the main attack would be in the Pas de Calais, keeping two armoured divisions and 19 infantry divisions there for two months after the Normandy invasion.
The information supplied to German intelligence was a mixture of complete fiction, genuine information of little military value and valuable military intelligence artificially delayed.
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