Within the Pali tradition, there are also many apocryphal Jatakas of later composition ( some dated even to the 19th century ) but these are treated as a separate category of literature from the " Official " Jataka stories that have been more-or-less formally canonized from at least the 5th century — as attested to in ample epigraphic and archaeological evidence, such as extant illustrations in bas relief from ancient temple walls.

The Jatakas, which are the stories of his lives, depict the various attempts of the bodhisattva to embrace qualities like self-sacrifice and morality.

In Theravada Buddhism, the Jatakas are a textual division of the Pali Canon, included in the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Sutta Pitaka.

The Jatakas were originally amongst the earliest Buddhist literature, with metrical analysis methods dating their average contents to around the 4th century BCE.

The Mahāsāṃghika Caitika sects from the Āndhra region took the Jatakas as canonical literature, and are known to have rejected some of the Theravada Jatakas which dated past the time of King Ashoka.

The Caitikas claimed that their own Jatakas represented the original collection before the Buddhist tradition split into various lineages.

Warder, the Jatakas are the precursors to the various legendary biographies of the Buddha, which were composed at later dates.

Although many Jatakas were written from an early period, which describe previous lives of the Buddha, very little biographical material about Gautama's own life has been recorded.

The Theravada Jatakas comprise 547 poems, arranged roughly by increasing number of verses.

Apocryphal Jatakas of the Pali Buddhist canon, such as those belonging to the Paññāsajātaka collection, have been adapted to fit local culture in certain South East Asian countries and have been retold with amendments to the plots to better reflect Buddhist morals.

In Theravada countries several of the longer Jatakas such as Rathasena Jataka and Vessantara Jataka, are still performed in dance, theatre, and formal ( quasi-ritual ) recitation.

The word ' Sattika ' is mentioned as describing women's attire in ancient India in buddhist jain literature called Jatakas.

But the vinaya also contains some doctrinal expositions, ritual and liturgical texts, biographical stories, and some elements of the " Jatakas ", or birth stories.

Because of its rich and varied interlocking structure, the novel echoes favorable comparison to many celebrated literary antecedents such as the ancient BCE Jatakas and Panchatantra as well as the medieval Arabian Nights and Decameron.

( Pali ;,,,, ) is the name of a land mentioned in many ancient sources such as the Chronicle of Sri Lanka (" Mahavamsa "), some stories of the Jatakas, and Milinda Panha.

The Dipavamsa criticizes the Mahasangitikas ( who are the same as the Mahasanghikas ) for rejecting various texts as non-canonical: the Parivāra ; the 6 books of the Abhidhamma ; the Patisambhida ; the Niddesa ; part of the Jatakas ; and some verses.

The story has analogs in Indian literature, particularly the Jatakas of the early fifth century.

They also emphasise the merit of devotion to stupas, which often had pictorial representation of the stories Buddha's previous life as a bodhisattva, as portrayed in the Jatakas.

: a collection of suttas containing verses ( Pali, sagatha ), many shared by other parts of the Pali canon such as the Theragatha, Therigatha, Suttanipata, Dhammapada and the Jatakas.

The Kamboja peoples are referenced in numerous ancient Sanskrit and Pali texts including Sama Veda, Atharvaveda, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas, Kautiliya's Arthashastra, Yasaka's Nirukata, Buddhist Jatakas, Jaina Canons, ancient grammar books and plays etc.

Several Jatakas bear witness to the superiority of its capital over other cities of India and speak highly of its prosperity and opulence.

The Jatakas speak of a long rivalry of Kasi with Kosala, Anga and Magadha.

According to the Jatakas, the capital of the Kurus was Indraprastha ( Indapatta ) near modern Delhi which extended seven leagues.

Buddhist Jatakas bear ample tesimony that Madra princesses were sought after in marriage by the great Kshatriya houses of northern and western India.

* Gullberg, Jan, Mathematics — From the Birth of Numbers.

* 489 BC — Birth of Eudoxus of Cnidus, early mathematician and adherent of Pythagoras Dion, student of Plato and tyrant of Syracuse

* 610 BC — Birth of Anaximander, Greek philosopher

* 713 BC — Birth of semi-legendary Zamolxis in Dacia

* c. 556 BC — Birth of Simonides of Ceos.

* September 28, 551 BC — Birth of Confucius, philosopher ( traditional date ).

* 550 BC — Birth of Epicharmus, Greek poet ( d. 460 BC ).

* c. 1225 BC — Birth of legendary Helen to King Tyndareus of Sparta and his wife Leda

* 1398 BC — Birth of Tiy to Egyptian nobleman Yuya and his wife Tjuyu.

* 1366 BC — Birth of Princess Tadukhipa to Tusratta, King of Mitanni and his Queen Juni.

* 1362 BC — Birth of the later Pharaoh Amenhotep IV Akhenaton to Amenhotep III and his Queen Tiy.

* 1341 BC / 1340 BC — Birth of Tutankhaten, later Pharaoh of Egypt as Tutankhamun ( approximate date ).

* 1320 BC — Birth of later Pharaoh Ramses II of Egypt ( approximate date ).

* 1225 BC — Birth of legendary Helen of Troy to King Tyndareus of Sparta and his wife Leda.

* 585 BC — Birth of Anaximenes of Miletus, Greek philosopher ( d. 525 BC )

* 582 BC — Birth of Pythagoras in Samos, Greek philosopher and mathematician ( d. 496 BC )

* c. 535 BC — Birth of Heraclitus of Ephesus, Greek philosopher

* 549 BC — Birth of Darius I

* 544 BC — Birth of Sun Tzu

* April, 563 BC — Birth of Siddhartha Gautama, later known as Gautama Buddha in Lumbini, Nepal

* 576 BC — Birth of Cyrus the Great, later King of Anshan, and architect of the Persian Empire.

* 570 BC — Birth of Xenophanes

* c. 570 BC — Birth of Pythagoras on the island of Samos, visionary mathematician ( d. c. 475 BC )

* c. 600 BC — Birth of King Cambyses I of Anshan, head of the Achaemenid dynasty.

* 610 BC — Birth of Anaximander, Greek philosopher ( approximate date )