The neighbors respond: the controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland.

* Joanna Michlic, The Polish Debate about the Jedwabne Massacre

fr: Massacre de Jedwabne

* 2005: The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, After, Columbia University Press and East European Monographs, ISBN 0-88033-554-8.

* The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, After book review

Since then, the 20th-century history of the Polish Jews have been widely popularized, including the circumstances surrounding the Massacre in Jedwabne, the Koniuchy Massacre, the Polish-Jewish wartime as well as postwar relations in general, Stalinist reign of terror and the March 1968 events.

* 1941 – Jedwabne Pogrom: the massacre of Jewish people living in and near the village of Jedwabne in Poland.

The Jedwabne pogrom ( pronounced ) of July 1941 during German occupation of Poland, was a massacre ( pogrom ) of at least 340 Polish Jews of all ages.

On the morning of July 10, 1941, by the order of mayor Marian Karolak and the town's German gendarmerie, a group of Polish men from around Jedwabne and neighboring settlements was assembled, who then rounded up the local Jews as well as those seeking refuge from nearby towns and villages such as Wizna and Kolno.

Wolfgang Birkner was investigated by the West German prosecutors in 1960, suspected in the 1941 massacres of Jews in Jedwabne, Radziłów, and Wąsosz nearby.

Investigators also suspected, based on the similarity of the methods used to destroy the Jewish communities of Radziłów, Tykocin, Rutki, Zambrów, Jedwabne, Piątnica and Wizna between July and September 1941 that Schaper's men were the perpetrators.

On June 30, 2003, prosecutor Radosław J. Ignatiew announced that the investigation of " the mass murder of at least 340 Polish citizens of Jewish nationality in Jedwabne on July 10, 1941 " had discovered no living suspected perpetrators in the Jedwabne atrocity who had not already been brought to justice, and hence the IPN investigation was now closed.

* Jedwabne, 10 July 1941: An interview with Pawel Machcewicz, Director, Office of Public Education, Institute of National Memory

Notorious pogroms of World War II included the 1941 Farhud in Iraq, the Iaşi pogrom in Romania – in which over 13, 200 Jews were killed – and the Jedwabne pogrom in Poland.

During the Jedwabne pogrom of July 1941, some non-Jewish Poles burned at least 340 Jews in a barn-house ( final findings of the Institute of National Remembrance ) in the presence of Nazi German Ordnungspolizei.

The atmosphere of revenge for the Soviet crimes against ethnic Poles led to the Jedwabne pogrom of July 1941, where a mob of Poles murdered around 300 local Jews in a burning barn-house.

Soon after the German takeover of Jedwabne during the 1941 attack on the Soviet zone of occupied Poland ( part of Operation Barbarossa ), the town became the site of the infamous Jedwabne pogrom on 10 July 1941.

The next day, according to witness accounts, the Germans created a ghetto in Jedwabne ( July 11, 1941 ) and incarcerated about 100-130 Jews in it.

* July 10 – The Holocaust: Jedwabne pogrom: Local ethnic Poles massacre at least 340 Jewish residents of Jedwabne in occupied Poland.

IPN ’ s forensic examiner, based on a similar exhumation at Katyn where Stalin ’ s aides had murdered 22, 000 Polish prisoners-of-war in 1940, estimated that the burial site in Jedwabne contained between 300 and 400 victims.

In July 2001, on the 60th anniversary of the pogrom, Polish president Aleksander Kwaśniewski attended a ceremony at Jedwabne where he made a speech stating the murderers were Poles whose crime was both against the Jewish nation and against Poland.

On July 11, 2011 the President of Poland, Bronislaw Komorowski asked for forgiveness at a ceremony to mark the 70th anniversary of the Jedwabne massacre.

" and that " The ceremonies today at Jedwabne is a welcome and important step in the confrontation with the truth by the Polish nation.

* Full transcript of Polish President Aleksander Kwasniewski's speech at Jedwabne on 60th anniversary of the massacre

By 1862, 11 mechanical and 13 manual weaving machines had been installed at Jedwabne.

Immigrants to the United States from Jedwabne built the synagogue Congregation Anshe Yedwabne at 242 Henry Street in the Lower East Side neighborhood of New York City.

* Jedwabne Yizkor ( Holocaust Memorial ) Book ( Hebrew, Yiddish and English ), online at the New York Public Library

During the development of Nazi Germany, Céline wrote the pamphlets Bagatelles pour un massacre ( Trifles for a Massacre ) ( 1937 ), L ' École des cadavres ( The School of Corpses ) ( 1938 ) and Les Beaux draps ( The Fine Mess ) ( 1941 ).

Szybalski ( left ) with James D. Watson and his wife during a ceremony at IBB PAN, Warsaw, 24 June 2008, devoted to Massacre of Lviv professors | Polish professors murdered by the Nazis in Lviv in July 1941

* The Massacre at Koritska Gorge, Bosnia-Hercegovina, 1941 by Vladimir Dedijer

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, but then taken over by the General Government of German-occupied Poland in July 1941 ; Ruziewicz was arrested and murdered by the Gestapo on 12 July 1941 in Lviv, during the Massacre of Lviv professors.

Wilhelmina ( Minnie ) Vautrin ( September 27, 1886 – May 14, 1941 ) was an American missionary renowned for saving the lives of many women at the Ginling Girls College in Nanjing, China, during the Nanking Massacre.

* 1819 – Peterloo Massacre: Seventeen people die and over 600 are injured in cavalry charges at a public meeting at St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England, United Kingdom.

He made his headquarters at Chicago's Lexington Hotel ; after the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, it was nicknamed " Capone's Castle ".

* 1989 – The École Polytechnique Massacre ( or Montreal Massacre ): Marc Lépine, an anti-feminist gunman, murders 14 young women at the École Polytechnique in Montreal.

Another of the still very rare examples at this date is in Griffith's The Massacre, which was made at the end of 1912.

* 1992 – Nagorno-Karabakh War: Khojaly Massacre: Armenian armed forces open fire on Azeri civilians at a military post outside the town of Khojaly leaving hundreds dead.

* 1692 – Massacre of Glencoe: About 78 Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William of Orange.

* Massacre at Hancock's Bridge

* Massacre at Hancock's Bridge 2

Beck starred in such movies as Massacre at Central High, Roller Boogie, and Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter.

* 1980 – The Gwangju Massacre: Airborne and army troops of South Korea retake the city of Gwangju from civil militias, killing at least 207 and possibly many more.

* 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.

* 1864 – American Indian Wars: Sand Creek Massacre – Colorado volunteers led by Colonel John Chivington massacre at least 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho noncombatants inside Colorado Territory.

* 1976 – Massacre of students gathering at Thammasat University in Bangkok, Thailand to protest the return of ex-dictator Thanom, by a coalition of right-wing paramilitary and government forces, triggering the return of the military to government.

* 1935 – Dutch Schultz, Abe Landau, Otto Berman, and Bernard " Lulu " Rosencrantz are fatally shot at a saloon in Newark, New Jersey in what will become known as The Chophouse Massacre.

* 1857 – The Mountain Meadows Massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.

* 1972 – Munich Massacre: 9 Israel athletes taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games by the Palestinian " Black September " terrorist group died ( as did a German policeman ) at the hands of the kidnappers during a failed rescue attempt.

* 1972 – Munich Massacre: A Palestinian terrorist group called " Black September " attack and take hostage 11 Israel athletes at the Munich Olympic Games.

The concept for The Texas Chain Saw Massacre arose in the early 1970s while Tobe Hooper was working as an assistant film director at the University of Texas at Austin and as a documentary cameraman.

The Burning: Massacre, Destruction, and the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, New York: St Martin's Press ( 2001 ) at pp. 4, 131-132, 144, 159, 164, 249.

The Massacre of Saint-Barthelemy was not repeated at Tours.