* The Hutterites or Hutterian Brethren are descendants of German, Swiss, and Tyrolean Anabaptists led by Jacob Hutter, who was burned at the stake in 1536 for refusing to renounce his faith.

Jakob Ammann is known because his prominent involvement in a schism among the Swiss Brethren that began in 1693.

Due to persecution, many Swiss Brethren families had emigrated or been evicted from Swiss territory into the Alsace and Palatinate before the division.

Another important aspect in the schism was a conference held at Ohnenheim, Alsace, by several Swiss Brethren ministers and elders in 1660, in which they formally adopted the Dordrecht Confession of Faith that had been drawn up by Dutch Mennonites.

Up until this time, the Swiss Brethren ( who did not use the name " Mennonite " for themselves ) had no official confession of faith beyond the Schleitheim Confession.

The Dordrecht Confession contained two points that the Swiss Brethren had not historically practiced: footwashing ( Article XI ) and social avoidance ( including eating meals with those who had been shunned ) ( Article XVII ).

Swiss Brethren had practiced excommunication and a refusal to " eat " the Supper with those banned, but their avoidance did not include refraining from eating regular meals with those in the bann.

In 1693, Jakob Ammann, " together with the ministers and elders ," sent a general letter to people within the Swiss Brethren congregations, asking for a meeting in which he wanted clarification about where they stood on three issues: 1 ) Shunning those who had been banned, 2 ) whether liars should be excommunicated, and 3 ) if people could be saved who did not follow God's word.

" These excommunications created a definite breach within the Swiss Brethren movement.

United Brethren In Christ was an American religious sect which originated in the last part of the 18th century under the leadership of Philip William Otterbein ( 1726 – 1813 ), pastor of the Second Reformed Church in Baltimore, and Martin Boehm ( 1725 – 1812 ), a Pennsylvanian Mennonite of Swiss descent.

The Mennonite movement was a reform movement of Anabaptist origins begun by Swiss Brethren and soon thereafter finding greater cohesion based on the teachings of Menno Simons 1496 – 1561, and the 1632 Dordrecht Confession of Faith.

Likewise, there are no organizational connections with the Brethren denominations coming out of the German Brethren and Swiss Brethren movements, nor are there any connections with various Latter Day Saint groups that use " United Brethren " in their name.

The first American settlement of the Amish Mennonites — who separated from the main body of Swiss Brethren and followed Jacob Amman — was in Berks County, Pennsylvania, around 1710 – 1720.

Conrad Grebel ( c. 1498 – 1526 ), son of a prominent Swiss merchant and councilman, was a co-founder of the Swiss Brethren movement and is often called the " Father of Anabaptists ".

The beliefs of Conrad Grebel and the Swiss Brethren have left an impression on the life and thought of Amish, Baptist, Schwarzenau Brethren / German Baptist, and Mennonite churches, as well as numerous pietistic and free church movements.

Freedom of conscience and separation of church and state are two great legacies of the Anabaptist movement initiated by these Swiss Brethren.

* Conrad Grebel — the Founder of the Swiss Brethren, by Harold S. Bender ; ISBN 1-57910-157-7

As these Swiss were moving from the Selkirk settlement to become the first civilian residents of Minnesota, Dousman of Michilimackinac, Michigan, and Prairie Du Chien was traveling to Red River to open a trade in merchandise.

By fall, 443 survivors of this arduous journey were clustered about Fort Snelling, but most of them were sent on to Galena and St. Louis, with a few going as far as Vevay, Indiana, a notable Swiss center in the United States.

Its people, including Pierre Bottineau and other American Fur Company employees and the refugees from Fort Garry, were joined by the remaining Scots and Swiss from Fort Snelling when Major Joseph Plympton expelled them from the reservation in May 1840.

The Swiss commanders wired the infrastructure leading into the country, and threatening to destroy bridges, railway tunnels and passes in the event of a Nazi invasion, and then they retreated to the heart of the mountain peaks where conditions were harsher and a military invasion would involve difficult and protracted battles.

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such a Les Menuires.

The small Swiss garrison in the village, shaken by the sudden onslaught and unsupported by the battalions to their rear, were soon compelled back towards the village of Taviers.

" Major-General Murray ," recalled one eye witness, " … seeing him fall, marched up in all haste with two Swiss battalions to save him and stop the enemy who were hewing all down in their way.

Basel, had a strategic location, good relations with Strasbourg and Mulhouse, and control of the corn imports from Alsace, whereas the Swiss lands were becoming overpopulated and had few resources.

In there were 898 live births to Swiss citizens and 621 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 1, 732 deaths of Swiss citizens and 175 non-Swiss citizen deaths.

There were 207 Swiss men and 271 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland.

The Bernoulli numbers were discovered around the same time by the Swiss mathematician Jakob Bernoulli, after whom they are named, and independently by Japanese mathematician Seki Kōwa.

First synthesized in 1874 by Othmar Zeidler, DDT's insecticidal properties were not discovered until 1939 by the Swiss scientist Paul Hermann Müller, who was awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his efforts.

In the Swiss Army, mounted dragoons existed until the early 1970s, when they were converted into Armoured Grenadiers units.

On the night of 10 August 1792, insurgents and popular militias, supported by the revolutionary Paris Commune, assailed the Tuileries Palace and massacred the Swiss Guards who were assigned for the protection of the king.

Plans to go to the Swiss Alps were mooted.

There were 56, 091 Swiss women ( 29. 3 %) and 43, 735 ( 22. 9 %) non-Swiss women.

In there were 1, 147 live births to Swiss citizens and 893 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 1, 114 deaths of Swiss citizens and 274 non-Swiss citizen deaths.

An early theory, suggested by Swiss theologian Jean LeClerc in the 17th century, posits that the longer Western version was a first draft, while the Alexandrian version represents a more polished revision by the same author.

The stalemate lasted from 1914 until early 1918, with ferocious battles that moved forces a few hundred yards at best along a line that stretched from the North Sea to the Swiss border.

His reference to gold washing in rivers has been taken as evidence for an early presence of the Helvetii in the Swiss plateau, with the Emme as being one of the gold-yielding rivers mentioned by Poseidonios.

Their union, one nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy, is recorded in the Federal Charter, a document probably written after the fact in the early 14th century.

His lack of secretarial support with the mass of correspondence had left a pattern of hard work in Haifa interspersed with occasional summer breaks to Europe — in the early years often to the Swiss Alps.

Grynaeus ' early contacts initiated Cranmer ’ s eventual relationship with the Strasbourg and Swiss reformers.

The halberd was the primary weapon of the early Swiss armies in the 14th and early 15th centuries.

In this way Lucius, the early missionary of the Swiss district of Chur, became identified with the alleged British king of the Liber Pontificalis.

The Swiss hip hop culture began in the early 1980s.

Influenced from an early age by the Swiss modernist, Le Corbusier, Tange gained international recognition in 1949 when he won the competition for the design of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.

The region north of the St. Gotthard Pass became the nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the early 14th century.

The brown rat may have been present in Europe as early as 1553, a conclusion drawn from an illustration and description by Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner in his book Historiae animalium, published 1551-1558.

With a 23 jewel movement and manual winding ( 43 hours ), it was a modified Russian version of the Swiss Valjoux 7734 of the early 1970s.

During the Swiss Tour de Sol in the early 1990s, several C5s were solarised and modified to provide more range and speed.

Swiss mercenaries were sought during the late 15th and early 16th centuries as being an effective fighting force, until their somewhat rigid battle formations became vulnerable to arquebuses and artillery being developed at the same time.

John James Heidegger, a Swiss count who arrived in Italy in 1708, is credited with having introduced the Venetian fashion of a semi-public masquerade ball, to which one might subscribe, to London in the early eighteenth century, with the first being held at Haymarket Opera House.

Instead there was a wave of building or adapting Calvinist " temples ", though in the end none of these were to remain in use by the following year, and their layouts, which seem to have echoed early Swiss and Scottish Calvinist designs, are now largely unknown.

The Swiss sabre originates as a regular sword with a single-edged blade in the early 16th century, but by the 17th century begins to exhibit specialized hilt types.

The county was named after its county seat, which in turn was named after Geneva, New York which was named after Geneva, Switzerland, by Walter H. Yonge, an early town resident and Swiss native.

A very early example was a short piece on the " Swiss Spaghetti Harvest " that appeared as an April fools ' joke on the British television program Panorama in 1957.

There are two late examples of longswords kept in the Swiss National Museum, both with vertically grooved pommels and elaborately decorated with silver inlay, and both belonging to Swiss noblemen in French service during the late 16th and early 17th century, Gugelberg von Moos and Rudolf von Schauenstein.