Sir Henry Howorth, writing in 1898, put himself firmly in the Lappenburg-Kemble tradition by attacking the veracity of the West Saxon annals.

Their conclusions concerning the untrustworthiness of the West Saxon annals, the confused chronology of Bede, the unreliability of the early positions of the Anglo-Saxon genealogies and the mythological elements contained in Nennius are now mostly accepted.

The disposition of Essex, held by West Saxon kings since the days of Egbert, is unclear from the treaty, though, given Alfred ’ s political and military superiority, it would have been surprising if he had conceded any disputed territory to his new godson.

Over the last two decades of his reign, Alfred undertook a radical reorganisation of the military institutions of his kingdom, strengthened the West Saxon economy through a policy of monetary reform and urban planning and strove to win divine favour by resurrecting the literary glories of earlier generations of Anglo-Saxons.

Each element of the system was meant to remedy defects in the West Saxon military establishment exposed by the Viking invasions.

If this entailed transforming the West Saxon fyrd from a sporadic levy of king's men and their retinues into a mounted standing army, so be it.

Characteristically, all of Alfred's innovations were firmly rooted in traditional West Saxon practice, drawing as they did upon the three so-called ‘ common burdens ' of bridge work, fortress repair and service on the king's campaigns that all holders of bookland and royal loanland owed the Crown.

It traces the continuity between God's gift of Law to Moses to Alfred's own issuance of law to the West Saxon people.

That Latin learning had not been obliterated is evidenced by the presence in his court of learned Mercian and West Saxon clerics such as Plegmund, Wæferth, and Wulfsige, but Alfred's account should not be entirely discounted.

As a result of influence from the West Saxons, the tribes were collectively called Anglo-Saxons by the Normans, the West Saxon kingdom having conquered, united and founded the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.

The poem mixes the West Saxon and Anglian dialects of Old English, though it predominantly uses West Saxon, as do other Old English poems copied at the time.

The poem retains a complicated mix of the following dialectical forms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Early West Saxon, Kentish and Late West Saxon.

He says relatively little about the achievements of Mercia and Wessex, omitting, for example, any mention of Boniface, a West Saxon missionary to the continent of some renown and of whom Bede had almost certainly heard, though Bede does discuss Northumbrian missionaries to the continent.

He also is parsimonious in his praise for Aldhelm, a West Saxon who had done much to convert the native Britons to the Roman form of Christianity.

The first recorded use of the term Bretwalda comes from a West Saxon chronicle of the late 9th century that applied the term to Ecgberht, who ruled from 802 to 839.

Similarly, in his list of bretwaldas, the West Saxon chronicler ignored such Mercian kings as Offa.

The use of the term Bretwalda was the attempt by a West Saxon chronicler to make some claim of West Saxon kings to the whole of Great Britain.

His works were so influential that late in the 9th century Notker the Stammerer, a monk of the Monastery of St. Gall in Switzerland, wrote that " God, the orderer of natures, who raised the Sun from the East on the fourth day of Creation, in the sixth day of the world has made Bede rise from the West as a new Sun to illuminate the whole Earth ".

In the West in about the year 500, Benedict became so upset by the immorality of society in Rome that he gave up his studies there and chose the life of an ascetic monk in the pursuit of personal holiness, living as a hermit in a cave near the rugged region of Subiaco.

After some centuries out of favor, Hermeticism was reintroduced to the West in 1460, when the monk Leonardo da Pistoia brought the Corpus Hermeticum to Pistoia to be translated by Ficino.

* 1908: Charles Henry Allan Bennett a British national previously ordained as a Theravada monk as Bhikkhu Ananda Metteyya in Burma leads the First Buddhist Mission to the West.

In 1967 he and Akong Rinpoche were invited by the Johnstone House Trust in Scotland to take over a meditation center on the departure of the western Theravadan monk named Anandabodhi, which then became Samye Ling, the first Tibetan Buddhist monastery in the West.

The 1970s television series Kung Fu starred David Carradine as Kwai Chang Caine, a Shaolin monk on the run in the Wild West whose Zen ( Ch ' an ) training is tested along his journey.

Other late classical writers and post-classical writers such as Orosius ( 384-420 A. D ) and the Irish monk Dicuil ( late 8th and early 9th century ), describe Thule as being North and West of both Ireland and Britain.

Theravada monk Ajahn Brahm has written to the West Australian newspaper in response to an article published last week in which the Dalai Lama was quoted as saying that homosexuality was immoral.

A major source for West Saxon events is the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, written about 731 by Bede, a Northumbrian monk and chronicler.

The practice of clerical marriage was initiated in the West by the followers of Martin Luther, who himself, a former priest and monk, married Katharina von Bora, a former nun, in 1525.

The eighth-century monk and chronicler Bede lists both Oswald and Oswiu as having held imperium, or overlordship, over the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms ; in Oswiu's case his dominance extended beyond the Anglo-Saxons to the Picts, the Gaels of Dál Riata, and the many obscure and nameless native British kingdoms in what are now North West England and southern Scotland.

The Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw U Sobhana (, ; 29 July 1904 – 14 August 1982 ) was a Burmese Theravada Buddhist monk and meditation master who had a significant impact on the teaching of Vipassana ( Insight ) meditation in the West and throughout Asia.

His father died early, and the boy was brought up by a Buddhist monk, Du Ming, in what was then Qiantang but now Hangzhou, a cosmopolitan metropolis at the southern end of the Grand Canal, a market nexus for maritime trade and transport to and from the north, and an area widely famed for its scenery with surrounding hills and the spectacular West Lake.

Orthodox monasticism does not have religious orders as in the West, so there are no formal Monastic Rules ( Regulae ); rather, each monk and nun is encouraged to read all of the Holy Fathers and emulate their virtues.

The tulpa concept was brought to the West in the 19th century by Alexandra David-Néel, who claimed to have created a tulpa in the image of a jolly, Friar Tuck-like monk which later developed a life of its own and had to be destroyed.

Tatchakorn Yeerum (; ), formerly Panom Yeerum (; ; ; born February 5, 1976 in Surin province, Isaan, Thailand ), better known in the West as Tony Jaa, in Thailand as Jaa Panom (; ), is a Thai martial artist, physical educator, actor, choreographer, stuntman, director, and spent time as a Buddhist monk.

Often in the West, the community belongs to a religious order and the life of the cenobitic monk is regulated by a religious rule, a collection of precepts.

Also, Senzaki maintained a long-term correspondence with Soen Nakagawa, an unconventional young monk practicing in Japan, who would go on to become one of the most prominent Rinzai Zen teachers to come West.

Primed with all the knowledge of the West, he returned home to seek his fortune, and, as an Orthodox monk, became one of the professors at, and subsequently rector of, the academy of Kiev.

Sulak Sivaraksa is known in the West as one of the fathers of the International Network of Engaged Buddhists ( INEB ), which was established in 1989 with leading Buddhists including the 14th Dalai Lama, the Vietnamese monk and peace-activist Thich Nhat Hanh and the Theravada Bhikkhu Maha Ghosananda, as its patrons.

In 2004, the third series, subtitled 6 Faces of Madness, used historical killers and madmen as its theme, generating vividly detailed figurines of the 5th century conqueror Attila the Hun, American " Wild West " gunslinger Billy the Kid, the " mad monk " Rasputin, the British serial killer Jack the Ripper, the Hungarian " Blood Queen " Elizabeth Bathory, and the real-life inspiration for Dracula, Vlad the Impaler.

As Gonçalves was considerably younger than Tristão, his duty was less exploration than it was hunting the Mediterranean monk seals that inhabit West Africa.

Was it supposed, perchance, that A & M ( vocational training, that is ) was quite sufficient for the immigrant class which flooded that part of the New England world in the post-Civil War period, the immigrants having been brought in from Southern Europe, to work in the mills, to make up for the labor shortage caused by migration to the West??

what is new and compelling is that the West is now but one of several powerful civilizations, or `` systems '', and that one or more of the others may pose a mortal danger to the West.

Remembering the step-by-step fate of Danzig and the West German misgivings about `` salami '' tactics, it is to be hoped that the dispatch of General Clay to West Berlin as President Kennedy's representative will mark a stiffening of response not only to future indignities and aggressions but also to some that have passed.

That picture of the American prairie is as indelibly fixed in the memory of those who have studied the conquest of the American continent as any later cinema image of the West made in live-oak canyons near Hollywood.

The wizard who fashioned West Germany's astonishing industrial rebirth is the soul of free enterprise.

He is dedicated to building the nation's strength and, as are all West Germans, to a free Berlin and to reunion with captive East Germany.

The question left by the election is whether West Germany veers slightly toward more firmness or more flexibility.

The West Berlin crisis is being played up artificially because it is needed by the United States to justify its arms drive ''.

The `` West Berlin '' crisis is really an East Berlin crisis.

They are less vocal now, when it is the West Berliners who are migrating.

West Berlin morale is low and, in age distribution, the situation is unfavorable.

The weekly loss is partly counterbalanced by 500 arrivals each week from West Germany, but the hard truth, says Crossman, is that `` The closing off of East Berlin without interference from the West and with the use only of East German, as distinct from Russian, troops was a major Communist victory, which dealt West Berlin a deadly, possibly a fatal, blow.