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Page "Externality" ¶ 22
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cost and storing
In case of perfect storing & office with all convenient facilities in company level, reducing manpower cost, dispatching authority with on time delivery, loading & unloading facilities with proper area, area for service station, stock management system etc.
Because apple sales were off dramatically in 1932 local farmers decided to put them in cold storage until the following Spring, but the sales did not materialize, so the farmers were not only out the cost of raising the crop, they were also out the cost of storing the crop.
On modern architectures with hierarchical memory, the cost of loading and storing input matrix elements tends to dominate the cost of arithmetic.
The obvious drawback to this system is the cost of storing multiple versions of objects in the database.
if the time cost of storing and retrieving " tmp " outweighs the cost of calculating " b * c " an extra time.
Nearly all of the stored devices were destroyed by the Army except for a few Ordnance Department examples, when it was decided they did not want to pay the cost of storing.
These speedups come at a cost: storing a string's suffix tree typically requires significantly more space than storing the string itself.
The ice trade developed much slower in Europe and even today many Europeans prefer room temperature drinks versus the iced drinks preferred by most in the U. S .. Ice supplied year round at a reasonably low cost ( usually less than $ 10 / month ) made it available for most middle-class people for cooling drinks, keeping ice boxes cold for storing perishables, etc .–- previously a luxury affordable only by the upper classes.
As of October 2010, the total cost of the electronic voting project has reached € 54. 6 million, including € 3 million spent on storing the machines over the previous five years.
Some systems mitigate this cost by storing access times at a coarser granularity than other times ; by rounding access times only to the nearest hour or day, a file which is read repeatedly in a short time frame will only need its access time updated once.
* Many users do not fully understand the controls, and a common error is leaving the output ( or boost ) control open at night, so that the heaters dissipate heat when they should be storing it, with a consequent increase in electricity consumption and cost.
The advantage to this approach is flexibility: the developer can strike a balance between performance ( which is enhanced by sorting, storing and retrieving specified data entirely in memory, rather than going to disk ); cost, because a less costly hard disk can be substituted for more memory ; persistence ; and form factor, because RAM chips cannot approach the density of a small hard drive.

cost and nuclear
Biological weapons allow for the potential to create a level of destruction and loss of life far in excess of nuclear, chemical or conventional weapons, relative to their mass and cost of development and storage.
Prior to his inauguration, he led a meeting of advisors at Pearl Harbor addressing foremost issues ; agreed objectives were to balance the budget during his term, to bring the Korean War to an end, to defend vital interests at lower cost through nuclear deterrent, and to end price and wage controls.
During the Cold War arms race, the nuclear threat to the existence of the United States was the one need that did justify this cost in the view of the United States Congress.
The original operating principle was discovered in 1908 and Geiger counters remain popular instruments for use in radiation dosimetry, health physics, experimental physics, the nuclear industry, geological exploration and other fields, due to their robust sensing element and their relatively low cost.
The primary goals being to improve nuclear safety, improve proliferation resistance, minimize waste and natural resource utilization, and to decrease the cost to build and run such plants.
Commercial fuel synthesis companies suggest they can produce fuel for less than petroleum fuels when oil costs more than $ 55 per barrel .< ref > The U. S. Navy estimates that shipboard production of jet fuel from nuclear power would cost about $ 6 per gallon.
Other technologies such as tether propulsion, VASIMR, ion drives, solar thermal rockets, solar sails, magnetic sails, and nuclear thermal propulsion can all potentially help solve the problems of high transport cost once in space.
Despite its high cost, portable X-ray devices use thulium that has been bombarded in a nuclear reactor as a radiation source.
It currently has three operational nuclear power plants with a fourth expected to come into operation by the end of 2012 at a cost of NT $ 280 billion ( US $ 9. 65 billion ).
If proven cost-effective in a life cycle cost analysis during the Analysis of Alternatives ( AoA ) phase of preliminary ship design, new ship classes ( e. g. CG ( X )) could proceed with nuclear propulsion.
Pure minimal deterrence is a doctrine of no first use, holding that the only mission of nuclear weapons is to deter a nuclear adversary by making the cost of a first strike unacceptably high.
Due to the low cost of brown coal in Victoria and mounting pressure from the anti-nuclear movement, the SEC subsequently decided against commissioning a nuclear plant and instead continued the commissioning of brown coal plants.
The cost of the facility is being paid for by a combination of a tax on each kilowatt hour of nuclear power and by the taxpayers for disposal of weapons and naval nuclear waste.
Based on the 2001 cost estimate, approximately 73 percent is funded from consumers of nuclear powered electricity and 27 percent by the taxpayers.
Much of the cost of a conventional, water-cooled nuclear power plant is due to cooling system complexity.
The United States, Japan, South Korea, and other regional allies promised to provide North Korea with two light water nuclear reactors, at an eventual cost of '$ 4 billion ', to replace existing or partially constructed facilities that could produce plutonium for nuclear weapons.

cost and waste
Vermicomposting, also known as vermiculture, is used for medium-scale on-site institutional composting, such as for food waste from universities and shopping malls: selected either as a more environmental choice, or to reduce the cost of commercial waste removal.
Entrepreneurs who commit relatively large errors in investment waste their funds over expanding some lines of production at the cost of other more profitable ventures where consumer demand is higher.
RF / V ( radio frequency + vacuum ) kilns use microwave radiation to heat the kiln charge, and typically have the highest operating cost due to the heat of vaporization being provided by electricity rather than local fossil fuel or waste wood sources.
The waste removal and placement is a major cost to the mining operator and to facilitate detailed planning the detailed geological and mineralisation characterization of the waste material forms an essential part of the geological exploration programme.
Some of the reasons for industrialized countries to ship the hazardous waste to industrializing countries for disposal are the rising cost of disposing hazardous waste in the home country.
The weapons production reactors were decommissioned at the end of the Cold War, but the decades of manufacturing left behind of high-level radioactive waste ( tank waste ); an additional of solid radioactive waste, most of it buried ; of contaminated groundwater beneath the site, with the potential to leach into the Columbia ; and occasional discoveries of undocumented contaminations that slow the pace and raise the cost of cleanup.
In order to provide cost effective services, the Corporation ( as the regulating body ) has contemplated privatization of public services, particularly water supply, solid waste, sewerage and parking.
The cost will include an estimated US $ 1 billion to upgrade the island's infrastructure: roads, bridges, waste management sites, airports, railways, communications systems, and ports.
Feeding a different mother's pup is a significant waste of energy, as milk production has a high parental cost.
The Noodler's Ink Company even goes so far as to maintain a " zero disposable cartridge " policy and refuses to issue any cartridges due to their high levels of economic and environmental waste ( a single bottle of ink can represent a few hundred international cartridges at between 350 % and 780 % the cost of similar bottled ink on a volume / dye content comparison depending upon different brand costs ).
Disposal Logistics ' main function is to reduce logistics cost ( s ), enhance service ( s ), related to the disposal of waste produced during the operation of a business.
One major hallmark of McNamara's cost reductions was the consolidation of programs from different services, most visibly in aircraft acquisition, believing that the redundancy created waste and unnecessary spending.
The city uses recycling to reduce the costs of landfill waste disposal and offsets the cost of recycling by selling the recyclable materials.
Because the manufacturer does not pay for this external cost ( the cost of emitting undesirable waste into the commons ), and does not include this cost in the price of the car ( a Kaldor-Hicks compensation ), they are said to be external to the market pricing mechanism.

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