These are accompanied by the classical Sìzì ( 四字 ) with four virtues:

In classical thought, the four elements Earth, Water, Air, and Fire frequently occur ; sometimes including a fifth element or quintessence ( after " quint " meaning " fifth ") called Aether in ancient Greece and India.

His original system consisted of the four classical elements found in the ancient Greek traditions ( air, earth, fire and water ), in addition to two philosophical elements: sulphur, ‘ the stone which burns ’, which characterized the principle of combustibility, and mercury, which contained the idealized principle of metallic properties.

The classical elements correspond more closely to four of the states of matter: solid, liquid, gas and plasma.

Fire is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and science.

A concept that anticipates both the four classical elements of Empedocles and Aristotle's transmutation of the four elements into one another.

Air is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and science.

Empedocles ’ roots became the four classical elements of Greek philosophy.

Empedocles roots became the four classical elements of Greek philosophy.

Earth is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and science.

According to E. K. Hunt, classical liberals made four assumptions about human nature: People were " egoistic, coldly calculating, essentially inert and atomistic ".

He returned to college after serving nearly four years in the army, this time attending Mills College and studying under Darius Milhaud, who encouraged him to study fugue and orchestration, but not classical piano.

It appears to have been heavily influenced by divinatory tarot, the four classical elements of ancient Greece, and mythologies from around the world.

The four schools ( or Madh ' hab ) of Sunni Muslims are each named by students of the classical jurist who taught them.

The battente, called " chitarra battente " in Italian, is generally smaller than a classical guitar and usually played with four or five single or double course metal strings of equal gauge.

It turns out that they mostly fall into four infinite families, the " classical Lie algebras " A < sub > n </ sub >, B < sub > n </ sub >, C < sub > n </ sub > and D < sub > n </ sub >, which have simple descriptions in terms of symmetries of Euclidean space.

The sephiroth are represented by the planets and the paths by the characters of the Hebrew alphabet, which are subdivided by the four classical elements, the seven classical planets, and the twelve signs of the Zodiac.

The four main evidential interpretations are the classical ( e. g. Laplace's ) interpretation, the subjective interpretation ( de Finetti and Savage ), the epistemic or inductive interpretation ( Ramsey, Cox ) and the logical interpretation ( Keynes and Carnap ).

Traditionally, alchemists considered that there were four classical elements: fire, water, air, and earth.

In a Classical period text ascribed to Empedocles, c. 490 – 430 BC, describing a correspondence among four deities and the classical elements, the name Nestis for water apparently refers to Persephone: " Now hear the fourfold roots of everything: enlivening Hera, Hades, shining Zeus.

Broadly speaking, quantum mechanics incorporates four classes of phenomena for which classical physics cannot account:

The prerequisites for quantum teleportation are a qubit that is to be teleported, a conventional communication channel capable of transmitting two classical bits ( i. e., one of four states ), and means of generating an entangled EPR pair of qubits, performing a Bell measurement on the EPR pair, and manipulating the quantum state of one of the pair.

Sunni and Shi ' a Muslims differ on the legitimacy of the reigns of the Khulfa-e-Rashideen, the first four Caliphs.

There are four prominent schools ( madh ' hab ) of fiqh within Sunni practice and two within Shi ' a practice.

for a recognized religious scholar or authority in Islam, often for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or schools of jurisprudence ( fiqh ).

The rule of the Al Saud faces political opposition from four sources: Sunni Islamist activism ; liberal critics ; the Shi ' ite minority – particularly in the Eastern Province ; and long-standing tribal and regional particularistic opponents ( for example in the Hejaz ).

A Sunni Muslim divorce is effective when the man tells his wife that he is divorcing her, however a Shia divorce also requires four witnesses.

The traditional chronology places Surah 9 as the last or second-to-last surah revealed, thus, in traditional exegesis, it gains a large power of abrogation, and verses 9: 5, 29, 73 are held to have abrogated 2: 256 The ahadith also play a major role in this, and different schools of thought assign different weightings and rulings of authenticity to different hadith, with the four schools of Sunni thought accepting the Six Authentic Collections, generally along with the Muwatta Imam Malik.

The term also describes the four branches of Judaism ( Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist ), and describes the two main branches of Islam ( Sunni and Shia ).

The Hanafi ( ) school is one of the four Madhhabs ( schools of law ) in jurisprudence ( Fiqh ) within Sunni Islam.

Among the four established Sunni schools of legal thought in Islam, the Hanafi school is one of the oldest and by far, the largest in parts of the world.

The Hanafi school also has many followers among the four major Sunni schools.

Although the Ayyubids were from the Shafi ' i denomination, they built schools for imparting instruction in all four of the Sunni systems of religious-juridical thought.

The first four Caliphs were elected in this fashion as Sunni Muslims believed Muhammad had originally intended before Muawiyah, the fifth caliph, turned the Caliphate into what is known as the Umayyad Dynasty, a hereditary monarchy.

In Sunni Islam, the first four elected caliphs were remembered as the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs.

All four major Sunni schools of thought hold that whoever follows another religion besides Islam is an unbeliever ( kafir ).

It is said that Sunni Islam was initially split into six schools ( Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi ' i, Hanbali, Zahiri, Jariri ) before various ruling dynasties later narrowed the number down to four, with the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt eventually creating four independent judicial positions, thus solidifying the Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi ' i and Hanbali schools.

The four mainstream schools of Sunni jurisprudence today, named after their founders ( sometimes called the A ’ immah Arba ‘ a or four Imaams of Fiqh ), are not generally seen as distinct sects, as there has been harmony for the most part among their various scholars throughout Islamic history.

Generally, Sunni Muslims prefer one madhhab out of the four ( normally a regional preference ) but also believe that ijtihad must be exercised by the contemporary scholars capable of doing so.

" The Maliki Madhab, named after Malik, is one of the four schools of jurisprudence that are followed by Sunni Muslims to this day.

On August 30, 2003, Iraqi authorities arrested four people in connection with the bombing: two former members of the Ba ' ath Party from Basra, and two non-Iraqi Arabs from the Salafi sect ( a Sunni sect ).

In particular, the Mahdi abolished the four Sunni schools of jurisprudence ( Arabic: madhahib, مذاهب ), rejected all authoritative texts in the history of tafsir or Qur ' anic exegesis, changed the Sha ' hada, or profession of faith, to include the phrase, " Muhammad al-Mahdi is the Khalifa of the Prophet of God ," and revised the five pillars of Islam by replacing the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca with the obligation to undertake jihad, and adding a sixth pillar, which was belief in the Mahdiyya.

As the Salafi da ' wa is a methodology and not a madh ' hab in fiqh as commonly misunderstood, Salafis can come from the Maliki, Shafi ' i, Hanbali or the Hanafi schools of Sunni jurisprudence and accept teaching of all four if supported by clear and authenticated evidence from the Sunnah.