The first recombinant DNA molecule was created by Paul Berg in 1972 when he combined DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with that of the lambda virus.

Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs, influenced by the notation of Alonzo Church's lambda calculus.

Lazy evaluation was introduced for the lambda calculus by and for programming languages independently by and.

Historically, the most important system was the untyped lambda calculus.

The lambda calculus was introduced by mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of an investigation into the foundations of mathematics.

Historically, ML stands for metalanguage: it was conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover ( whose language, pplambda, a combination of the first-order predicate calculus and the simply typed polymorphic lambda calculus, had ML as its metalanguage ).

" We were actually trying to build something complicated and discovered, serendipitously, that we had accidentally designed something that met all our goals but was much simpler than we had intended .... we realized that the lambda calculus — a small, simple formalism — could serve as the core of a powerful and expressive programming language.

The machine was the first to be specifically designed to evaluate lambda calculus expressions.

The term syntactic sugar was coined by Peter J. Landin in 1964 to describe the surface syntax of A Programming Language ( APL ) which was defined semantically in terms of the applicative expressions of lambda calculus.

A more mathematically oriented definition with a similar " universal " nature was introduced by Alonzo Church, whose work on lambda calculus intertwined with Turing's in a formal theory of computation known as the Church – Turing thesis.

This was discovered in 1937 for helium, which forms a superfluid below the lambda temperature of 2. 17 K. In this state it will attempt to " climb " out of its container.

The lambda symbol was originally adopted by Gay Activists Alliance of New York in 1970 after they broke away from the larger Gay Liberation Front.

" Back in December of 1974, the lambda was officially declared the international symbol for gay and lesbian rights by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Perhaps the first formal incarnation of operational semantics was the use of the lambda calculus to define the semantics of LISP by

The primary motivation for the study of domains, which was initiated by Dana Scott in the late 1960s, was the search for a denotational semantics of the lambda calculus.

This identification is usually called the Curry – Howard isomorphism, which was originally formulated for intuitionistic logic and simply typed lambda calculus.

The phrase originally refers to an area in the range of a variable, λ ( lambda ), which was varied while examining the behavior of a cellular automaton ( CA ).

Liquid helium-4 was discovered by Peter Kapitza, John F. Allen, and Don Misener to exhibit this property when it is cooled below a characteristic transition temperature called the lambda point.

It was used by senior naval officers with an alternative ' lambda ' key, all of which failed to explain its presence on a small destroyer at the start of the war.

John Barkley Rosser Sr. ( December 6, 1907 – September 5, 1989 ) was an American logician, a student of Alonzo Church, and known for his part in the Church – Rosser theorem, in lambda calculus.

The Kleene – Rosser paradox showed that the original lambda calculus was inconsistent.

The best-known approximation for Wilks ' lambda was derived by C. R. Rao.

The symbol Λ ( lambda ) is used as a prefix to describe the left-handed propeller twist formed by three bidentate ligands, as shown.

* In NATO military operations, a chevron ( a capital lambda symbol ) is painted on the vehicles of this military alliance for identification.

* In cosmology, lambda is the symbol for the cosmological constant.

* King Louis XIII of France used the letter lambda as his personal symbol rather than monogram.

In Half-Life 2 and its Episodes, the encircled block lambda is the universal symbol of the Resistance, often spraypainted to mark the location of safehouses and hidden supply caches ; full-time Resistance members wear armbands containing a lower-case lambda without the circle.

* Several gay rights organizations, such as Lambda Legal, and the Lambda Literary Award derive their names from the use of a lower-case lambda as a symbol for gay and lesbian rights.

The Greek lambda symbol (" L " for liberation ), triangles, ribbons, and gender symbols are also used as " gay acceptance " symbol.

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ ⟩, a rotated lowercase letter ⟨ y ⟩ ( not to be confused with lowercase lambda, ⟨ λ ⟩), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is < tt > L </ tt >.

* The lower-case Greek lambda, λ, was used for Latin A in the video game Hλlf-Life, apparently in reference to the use of λ as the symbol for the decay constant ( related to the concept of half-life ).

Lower-case lambda, symbol of the Gay Activist Alliance.

The symbol of the Gay Activists Alliance was the lower case Greek letter lambda ( λ ).

An example of a very simple template can be found at Template: Lambda, which places the lambda symbol, λ. Click the " Edit " tab on that template page to see the template code ( its wikitext ).

It provides Lisp features such as lists, symbol processing, function mapping, anonymous functions ( lambda expressions ), s-expressions ( excluding improper lists ), and macros.

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩ ( often simplified to ⟨⟩), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨ ƛ ⟩ ( lambda bar ).

The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨⟩ ( or ⟨⟩), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨ ƛ ’⟩ ( lambda bar ).

The name refers to the lambda calculus, a mathematical formalism invented by Alonzo Church, with which LISP is intimately connected, and references the Knights Templar.

It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda ( λ ).

* In probability theory, lambda represents the density of occurrences within a time interval, as modeled by the Poisson distribution.

An example of this use of lambda in the Python language is this section of computer code that sorts a list alphabetically by the last character of each entry:

The use of mathematical logic to represent and execute computer programs is also a feature of the lambda calculus, developed by Alonzo Church in the 1930s.

Lambda calculus ( also written as λ-calculus or called " the lambda calculus ") is a formal system in mathematical logic for expressing computation by way of variable binding and substitution.

The free variables of a term are those variables not bound by a lambda abstraction.

For example, switching back to our correct notion of substitution, in the lambda abstraction can be renamed with a fresh variable, to obtain, and the meaning of the function is preserved by substitution.

In the following expression one single occurrence of x is bound by the second lambda: < tt > λx. y ( λx. z x )</ tt >

The set of free variables of a lambda expression, M, is denoted as FV ( M ) and is defined by recursion on the structure of the terms, as follows:

* The presence of cI causes immunity to superinfection by other lambda phages, as it will inhibit their P < sub > L </ sub > and P < sub > R </ sub > promoters.

The repressor found in the phage lambda is a notable example of the level of control possible over gene expression by a very simple system.

The life cycle of lambda phages is controlled by cI and Cro proteins.

* Time-lapse microscopy video from MIT showing both lysis and lysogeny by phage lambda.

The Lorentz or boost matrix is usually denoted by Λ ( Greek capital lambda ).

Below the lambda line the liquid can be described by the so-called two-fluid model.