The eleventh or spinal accessory nerve corresponds to a line drawn from a point midway between the angle of the jaw and the mastoid process to the middle of the posterior border of the sterno-mastoid muscle and thence across the posterior triangle to the deep surface of the trapezius.

The lateral angles are situated at the extremities of the grooves for the transverse sinuses: each is received into the interval between the mastoid angle of the parietal and the mastoid part of the temporal.

The inferior borders extend from the lateral angles to the inferior angle ; the upper half of each articulates with the mastoid portion of the corresponding temporal, the lower half with the petrous part of the same bone.

The point of meeting of this angle with the occipital and the mastoid part of the temporal is named the asterion.

The fascia at the imaginary line between the angle of mandible and mastoid process splits into

The posterior branch curves backward on the squamous part of the temporal bone, and, reaching the parietal bone some distance in front of its mastoid angle, divides into branches which supply the posterior part of the dura mater and cranium.

The surgeon decreases the angle (- 25 degrees ) between the concha and the mastoid process of the head with sutures emplaced between the concha and the mastoid fascia ( as described by Furnas ).

* ( 3 ) the posterior temporal, which is situated in the parietal bone, and ends in the transverse sinus, through an aperture at the mastoid angle of the parietal bone or through the mastoid foramen.

Brain abscess ( or cerebral abscess ) is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local ( ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess ) or remote ( lung, heart, kidney etc.

Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and / or mastoid process.

It is located posterior to the mandibular ramus an in front of the mastoid process of temporal bone.

New research suggests that vibration against the mastoid bone behind the affected ear is successful in releasing trapped air or fluid in the Eustachian canal, vibration opens up the canal.

Then an incision is made in the skin behind the ear and the surgeon drills into the mastoid bone, creating a pocket for the receiver / stimulator, and then into the inner ear where the electrode array is inserted into the cochlea.

A disease that involves caries is mastoiditis, an inflammation of the mastoid process, in which the bone gets eroded.

* The posterior branch ( ramus posterior ; mastoid branch ) supplies the skin over the mastoid process and on the back of the auricula, except at its upper part ; a filament pierces the auricula to reach its lateral surface, where it is distributed to the lobule and lower part of the concha.

** the posterior part is thick and serrated for articulation with the mastoid portion of the temporal.

The structure of the squama is like that of the other cranial bones: the mastoid portion is spongy, and the petrous portion dense and hard.

The gland is related posteromedially to mastoid process of temporal bone with its attached Sternocleidomastoid and digastric muscles, styloid process of temporal bone with its three attached muscles ( Stylohyoid, Stylopharyngeus and Styloglossus ) and carotid sheath with its contained neurovasculature ( Internal Carotid artery, Internal Jugular vein, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th cranial nerves )

It is given the name sternocleidomastoid because it originates at the manubrium of the sternum ( sterno -) and the clavicle ( cleido -), and has an insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull.

The two heads are separated from one another at their origins by a triangular interval ( supraclavicular fossa ) but gradually blend, below the middle of the neck, into a thick, rounded muscle which is inserted, by a strong tendon, into the lateral surface of the mastoid process, from its apex to its superior border, and by a thin aponeurosis into the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.

It has been proposed that during CES, an electric current is focused upon the hypothalamic region ; during this process, CES electrodes are placed on the ear at the mastoid, near to the face.

In this test, a vibrating tuning fork is placed behind the ear, on the mastoid process.

The mastoid portion of the human temporal bone, which can be felt as a bump in the skull behind the pinna, also contains air, which is ventilated through the middle ear.

In medical terminology, Battle's sign, also mastoid ecchymosis, is an indication of fracture of middle cranial fossa of the skull, and may suggest underlying brain trauma.

The mastoid process is a conical prominence projecting from the undersurface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.

The number of vertebral attachments varies ; a slip may extend to the occipital or mastoid, to the trapezius, scalene or serratus anterior, or to the first or second rib.

The concha affects the prominence of the ear three-fold ways: ( i ) the overall enlargement of the concha projects the ear away from the mastoid surface ; ( ii ) an extension of the helical crus across the concha creates a firm cartilage bar that pushes the ear outwards ; ( iii ) the effect of the angulation of the cartilage, at the junction between the cavum concha ; and the sweep of cartilage up to the antitragal prominence, affects the position and prominence of the lobule ( earlobe ) and lower third of the ear.

However, it is difficult for antibiotics to penetrate to the interior of the mastoid process and so it may not be easy to cure the infection ; it also may recur.

Variations occur in the extension over the face and over the clavicle and shoulder ; it may be absent or interdigitate with the muscle of the opposite side in front of the neck ; attachment to clavicle, mastoid process or occipital bone occurs.

It arises from the jugular ganglion, and is joined soon after its origin by a filament from the petrous ganglion of the glossopharyngeal ; it passes behind the internal jugular vein, and enters the mastoid canaliculus on the lateral wall of the jugular fossa.

Basilar fractures have characteristic signs: blood in the sinuses ; a clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) leaking from the nose ( rhinorrhea ) or ears ( otorrhea ); periorbital ecchymosis often called ' raccoon eyes ' ( bruising of the orbits of the eyes that result from blood collecting there as it leaks from the fracture site ); and retroauricular ecchymosis known as " Battle's sign " ( bruising over the mastoid process ).

It is also worth noting that the artificial mastoid is very sensitive to temperature ; special precautions such as temperature isolated enclosures are usually necessary when transporting the device in hot or cold conditions.

* Basilar skull fractures, those that occur at the base of the skull, are associated with Battle's sign, a subcutaneous bleed over the mastoid, hemotympanum, and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea.

It gives off an auricular branch, which supplies the skin of the upper and back part of the auricula, communicating with the mastoid branch of the great auricular.

In Die operative Chirurgie ( Operational Surgery, 1845 ), Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach ( 1794 – 1847 ) reported the first surgical approach for the correction of prominent ears — a combination otoplasty procedure that featured the simple excision ( cutting ) of the problematic excess cartilage from the posterior sulcus ( back groove ) of the ear, and the subsequent affixing, with sutures, of the corrected pinna to the mastoid periosteum, the membrane covering the mastoid process at the underside of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, at the back of the head.

In relation to the protruding mastoid process, the most recognizable skeletal anomaly is the change in the position and in the projection of the pinna, as associated with non-synostotic plagiocephaly ( the positional flattening of the side of the head, not caused by the inappropriate union of two bones ).

The mastoid antrum ( tympanic antrum, antrum mastoideum, Valsalva's antrum ) is an air space in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, communicating posteriorly with the mastoid cells and anteriorly with the epitympanic recess of the middle ear via the aditus to mastoid antrum ( entrance to the mastoid antrum ).

* Two smaller fontanelles are located on each side of the head, more anteriorly the sphenoidal ( between the sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and frontal bones ) and more posteriorly the mastoid ( between the temporal, occipital, and parietal bones ).

* the occipital region has extensive mastoid exposure

Auricular prominence: in the occipital area, behind the pinna, a protruding mastoid process is a proximate cause of bat ears.

Following studies, carried out keeping the find on the discovery site, have verified this aspect of typical Neanderthalians features ( morphology of eye-sockets and upper orbit osseous thickening, lack of canine fossa and presence of a clear edge on the maxilla, thickening of the occipital bone, feature of the mastoid process, existence of a retromolar space and profile of the upper margin of the ascending mandible ramus ).

The Occipitalis, thin and quadrilateral in form, arises by tendinous fibers from the lateral two-thirds of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, and from the mastoid part of the temporal.

The skull is thick at the glabella, the external occipital protuberance, the mastoid processes, and the external angular process.