**** illegitimate son Giovanni Paolo I ( 1497 – 1535 ), marquess of Caravaggio

If a peer of one of the top three ranks ( a duke, marquess or earl ) has more than one title, his eldest son, not himself an actual peer, may use one of his father's lesser titles ' by courtesy '.

If the eldest son of a duke or marquess has an eldest son, he may use a still lower title if one exists.

It is currently held by the Marquess of Winchester, and is used as a courtesy title for the eldest son of the marquess.

The presumed successors of the 7th marquess in the Earldoms of Ormonde and Ossory have been the 17th and 18th Viscount Mountgarret, descending in the male line from a younger son of the 8th Earl, but the claim has not been proven, because there is still the chance of possible male descendants of sons of the 9th earl.

Patricia Mountbatten was born the daughter of a younger son of a marquess and thus had no courtesy title.

François de Bourbon ( 1558 – 1614 ), the third son of this marriage, was given the title of marquess of Conti, and between 1581 and 1597 was elevated to the rank of prince of Conti.

In 199 BC, however, because of the rebellion of several other kings, Zhang Ao, King of Zhao, son of Zhang Er, was demoted to marquess and this kingdom became extinct.

* John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart ( 25 September 1767 – 22 January 1794 ), whose son succeeded as 2nd marquess.

Guglielmo ) ( c. 1115 – 1191 ), also known as William the Old to distinguish him from his eldest son, William Longsword, was marquess of Montferrat from c. 1136 to his death in 1191.

William was the only son of marquess Renier I and his wife Gisela, a daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy and widow of Count Humbert II of Savoy.

Liu Jian ( 刘建 ), son of Liu Buhai, having realized that both he and his father had little chance to be a marquess, became so resentful that he accused Liu An and Liu Qian of coup attempt.

Lord Hugh Seymour ( 1759-1801 ), a younger son of Francis Seymour-Conway, marquess of Hertford, was a distinguished naval officer who saw much active service especially under Lord Howe, in whose famous action on 1 June 1794 he took a conspicuous part.

His son Sir George Francis Seymour ( 1787-1870 ), admiral of the fleet, began his naval career by serving under Nelson ; in 1818 he became Sergeant-at-arms in the House of Lords, a post which he retained till 1841, when he was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral and appointed a lord of the admiralty ; his eldest son, Francis George Hugh Seymour ( 1812-1884 ), succeeded his cousin Richard Seymour-Conway as 5th marquess of Hertford in 1870.

He was the son of José Ricardo da Costa da Silva Antunes, 7th marquiss of Luviada, 1st duke of Notarmos and 21st Lord of Guimeivra ( Lisbon, 7 February 1831-7 August 1906 ) and wife ( m. 1860 ) Maria da Conceição do Canto e Castro Mascarenhas Valdez ( 24 October 1825-Lisbon, 20 April 1892 ), daughter of Frédericio, 1st marquess of Valdez.

( Despite that incident, Emperor Guangwu permitted Liu Yang's son and Consort Guo's cousin Liu De ( 劉得 ) to inherit the Principality of Zhending, although he would be demoted to marquess in 37 as part of a major reorganization of noble titles.

Journeying with him was Tostig, another son of Earl Godwin, who was now earl of Northumbria.

The third earl was succeeded by his grandson, the fourth Earl, who was the eldest son of George Gordon, Lord Haddo.

His only surviving son, William, succeeded him as 2nd earl of Aberdeen.

This however set a precedent to be followed by a rival earl some years later, and then by Godwin's own son in 1066.

The eldest son of an earl, though not himself a peer, is entitled to use a courtesy title, usually the highest of his father's lesser titles ( if any ); younger sons are styled The Honourable, and daughters, The Lady ( Lady Diana Spencer being a well-known example ).

In 1371 King Robert II granted it to his son Alexander Stewart, 1st earl of Buchan ( 1343 – 1405 ), the " Wolf of Badenoch ".

Douglas's death at Verneuill was to weaken the position of his son Archibald, the 5th earl.

Eirik sealed the alliance by giving his daughter Ragnhild in marriage to the future earl of Orkney, Arnfinn, son of Thorfinn Turf-Einarsson.

Paul's son, Haakon Paulsson, then became regent on behalf of the Norwegian prince, Sigurd, who made Haakon earl in 1105.

After the coronation John Dunbar who had received the lordship of Fife from David II now resigned the title so that the king's second son, Robert, earl of Monteith could receive the earldom of Fife — Dunbar was compensated with the provision of the earldom of Moray.

In 1392, Robert III strengthened the position of his son David, now earl of Carrick, when he endowed him with a large annuity that allowed the young prince to build up his household and affinity and then in 1393 regained his right to direct rule when the general council decided that Fife's lieutenancy should end and that Carrick now of age should assist his father.

In November 1398, an influential group of magnates and prelates met at Falkland Castle that included Albany, Rothesay, Archibald, earl of Douglas, Albany's son Murdoch, justiciar North of the Forth along with the bishops Walter of St Andrews and Gilbert of Aberdeen — the outcome of this meeting manifested itself at the council meeting held in January 1399 when the king was forced to surrender power to Rothesay for a period of three years.

By late 1404 Robert, with the aid of his close councillors Henry Sinclair, earl of Orkney, Sir David Fleming and Henry Wardlaw, had succeeded in re-establishing himself and intervened in favour of Alexander Stewart, the earl of Buchan's illegitimate son, who was in dispute with Albany over the earldom of Mar.

Robert III again exhibited his new resolve when in December 1404 he created a new regality in the Stewartry for his sole remaining son and heir James now earl of Carrick — an act designed to prevent these lands falling into Albany's hands.

), oral address according to ecclesiastical or other status — ordained son of an earl, viscount, or baron, or ordained daughter of a viscount or baron ( unless also a privy counsellor or peer )

His son Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby (?– bef. 1160 ) became the next earl and was married to Margaret Peverel.

The title, which became extinct on the death of his grandson, the 3rd viscount, in 1725 ( when the family estate of Monasterevan, renamed Moore Abbey, passed to his daughter's son Henry, 4th earl of Drogheda ), was re-granted in 1756 to his cousin Nicholas Loftus, a lineal descendant of the archbishop.

The younger son of an Irish earl, Perceval was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge.

Perceval was the seventh son of John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont ; he was the second son of the earl ’ s second marriage.

But Oxford died in August 1562, and his son Edward, the 17th earl, became a ward in the house of William Cecil, Lord Burghley, in The Strand.

( There is no evidence that Alphonso, elder son of Edward I, was created earl of Chester, although he was styled as such )

You've already sent your daughter to Miss X's select academy for girls and your son to Mr. Y's select academy for boys, and you can be as liberal as you please with strict impunity.

`` In response to your letter, I can in good conscience recommend my son, David, in the field of leadership ''.

His name can be read as " son of Ya Sin " ( the title of the 36th Sura of the Qur ' an ), suggesting he had obliterated his family past and was " re-born " of the Holy Book.

When assured by Mersenne that it was, indeed, the product of the son not the father, Descartes dismissed it with a sniff: " I do not find it strange that he has offered demonstrations about conics more appropriate than those of the ancients ," adding, " but other matters related to this subject can be proposed that would scarcely occur to a sixteen-year-old child.

A virtuous plebeian who cultivates his qualities can be a " gentleman ", while a shameless son of the king is only a " small man ".

The Duke's eldest son's eldest son in turn can use the courtesy title Earl of Sunderland.

Also, some may argue that the word " Messiah " can be a formal title for Jesus Christ, but the meaning " anointed " can be attributed to others, such as King David, anointed to kingship, and his son Solomon.

A head of state can be empowered to designate his successor, such as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell, who was succeeded by his son Richard.

When the Saxons can no longer tolerate the assaults of the Britons, they send out Vortigern to his son Vortimer, asking for safe return back to Germania.

His former co-star and movie son, Johnny Sheffield, wrote of him, " I can only say that working with Big John was one of the highlights of my life.

Eventually, Ysbaddaden relents, and agrees to give Culhwch his daughter on the condition that he completes a number of impossible tasks ( anoethau ), including hunting the Twrch Trwyth and recovering the exalted prisoner, Mabon son of Modron, the only man able to hunt the dog Drudwyn, in turn the only dog who can track the Twrch Trwyth.

The extent to which Gaelic kingship rested on agnatic ( male line ) descent can be seen in the case of Kenneth MacAlpin's daughter's daughter's son Congalach Cnogba.

A virtuous plebeian who cultivates his qualities can be a " gentleman ", while a shameless son of the king is only a " small man ".

Earlier Egyptian myths imply that the sun is within the lioness, Sekhmet, at night and can be seen reflected in her eyes or that it is within the cow, Hathor during the night, being reborn each morning as her son ( bull ).

This senryū, which can also be translated " Catching him / you see the robber / is your son ," is not so much a personal experience of the author as an example of a type of situation ( provided by a short comment called a maeku or fore-verse, which usually prefaces a number of examples ) and / or a brief or witty rendition of an incident from history or the arts ( plays, songs, tales, poetry, etc .).

The lugat cannot be seen, he can only be killed by the dhampir, who himself is usually the son of a lugat.

Before father and son can be reconciled, George is killed at the battle of Waterloo, leaving the pregnant Amelia to carry on as well as she can.

Later, Dobbin discreetly does what he can to help support Amelia and also her son George.

" To lose our eldest son ", he wrote, " is one of those calamities one can never really get over ".

Such a witness list can be seen on the Ismere Diploma, for example, where Æthelric, son of king Oshere of the Hwicce, is described as a " subregulus ", or subking, of Æthelbald's.

She seems to have pre-deceased her husband, after bearing him a son, David ap Gwion, and therefore there can be no truth in the story that she married into the Corbet family of Caus Castle ( near Westbury, Shropshire ) and later, Moreton Corbet Castle.

The proliferation of men carrying the same name can complicate prosopography ; for instance, in the early 1st century BC, three prominent men were named Lucius Valerius Flaccus: the consul of 100 BC, the suffect consul of 86 BC, and the latter's son, who was defended by Cicero ( Pro Flacco ).

He is the only son who can indisputably be accredited to King Egbert of Wessex.