In the early 1860s he worked on composing three large volumes, the Theories of Surplus Value, which discussed the theoreticians of political economy, particularly Adam Smith and David Ricardo.

* Theories of Surplus Value, 3 volumes, 1862

* — ( 1863 ) Theories of Surplus Value

Additionally, Engels organized Marx's notes on the " Theories of Surplus Value "

In the Theories of Surplus Value (" Volume IV " of Das Kapital, 1863 ), Marx refines this theory to distinguish between scenarios where the destruction of ( commodity ) values affects either use values or exchange values or both together.

One can also find this view in Maurice Dobb's Theories of Value and Distribution Since Adam Smith: Ideology and Economic Theory ( 1973 ), as well as in Karl Marx's Theories of Surplus Value.

Karl Kautsky, editor of Theories of Surplus Value

The philosopher Karl Kautsky ( 1854 – 1938 ) published a partial edition of Marx's surplus-value critique, and later published a full, three-volume edition as Theorien über den Mehrwert ( Theories of Surplus Value, 1905 – 1910 ); the first volume was published in English as A History of Economic Theories ( 1952 ).

* Capital, Volume IV: Theories of Surplus Value

The Value of All Values Across Time, Place and Theories ”, is an encompassing in-depth critical study of known world philosophies and fields to explain the inner logic of each canon and school in relationship to world problems across languages and eras including the method of life-value onto-axiology which is deployed to excavate, explain and resolve life-blind presuppositions of the world ’ s major thought-systems from the ancients East and West to modern and contemporary philosophy.

Additionally, in Theories of Surplus Value, Marx noted, " We see the great advance made by Adam Smith beyond the Physiocrats in the analysis of surplus-value and hence of capital.

Marx's Theories of Surplus Value was edited by Karl Kautsky.

In Theories of Surplus Value, chapter 3 section 6, Marx emphasizes his view that " Capital is productive of value only as a relation, in so far as it is a coercive force on wage-labour, compelling it to perform surplus-labour, or spurring on the productive power of labour to produce relative surplus-value.

Notions of " surplus produce " have been used in economic thought and commerce for a long time ( notably by the Physiocrats ), but in Das Kapital, Theories of Surplus Value and the Grundrisse Marx gave the concept a central place in his interpretation of economic history.

In classical political economy, as Marx describes in Theories of Surplus Value, the " surplus " referred to an excess of gross income over cost, which implied that the value of goods sold was greater than the value of the costs involved in producing or supplying them.

While Marx used the concept of the law of value in his works Grundrisse, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, Theories of Surplus Value and Das Kapital, he did not explicitly formalise its full meaning in a mathematical sense, and therefore how it should be exactly defined remains to some extent a controversial topic in Marxian economics.

* Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus Value.

Since then there have been several proposals for Grand Unified Theories, e. g. the Pati-Salam model, although none is currently universally accepted.

* Morrow, G. R. ( 1923 ) The Ethical and Economic Theories of Adam Smith: A study in the social philosophy of the 18th century, Cornell Studies in Philosophy, no.

* On The Smithian Origins Of " New " Trade And Growth Theories, Aykut Kibritcioglu Ankara University shows that Adam Smith's " increasing returns to scale " conception of international trade anticipated NTT by two hundred years.

The paleman is a Hamite through Ham ’ s fourth son, Libana ( Canaan ) whose descendants inherited his curse of leprosy ( Genesis 10: 15-18 ).” ( See also: Sons of Noah: Theories regarding racial classifications ) Another explanation has Caucasians descended from Cain: “ Adam and Eve were sent to the Aegean Islands between Asia and Europe, where they started having children, and each couple ’ s first born child was an Albino and those Albinos are called Cain in the Bible, and Cain is short for Caucasian .” ( See also: Curse and mark of Cain: Interpretations based on race )

# Terrence L. Fine, Theories of Probability ; An examination of foundations, Academic Press, New York, ( 1973 ).

* Gabriel Nuchelmans Theories of the Proposition: Ancient and Medieval Conceptions of the Bearers of Truth and Falsity ( North-Holland, 1973 )

*" Theories Concerning the Skandhaka: An Appraisal "; Charles Prebish Journal of Asian Studies, XXXII, 4 ( August, 1973 ), 669-678.

* Hatch, Elvin, Theories of Man and Culture, 1973, Columbia University Press, New York.

These include Differentiation, Satisfaction or Loyalty, Perceived Quality, Leadership or Popularity, Perceived Value, Brand Personality, Organizational Associations, Brand Awareness, Market Share, and Market Price and Distribution Coverage.

In addition to Value Line Publishing LLC, the Company's other wholly owned subsidiaries include Vanderbilt Advertising Agency, Inc., Compupower Corporation and Value Line Distribution Center ( VLDC ).

* Eatwell, J. and Milgate M. ( 1983 ) ( eds ) Keynes's Economics and the Theory of Value and Distribution, Oxford: Duckworth.

* Diophantine Approximations and Value Distribution Theory, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1239, Springer Verlag, 1987, ISBN 978-3-541-17551-3

Since Nixon had to separate the dollar from the gold standard, since the Gold Value decreased, Nixon decided to increase the cost of imports.

Since these cash flows occur at several times in the future, the " Time Value of Money " approach is used to find the " Present Value " of each cash flow.

In Value, Price and Profit ( 1865 ), Karl Marx quotes Adam Smith and sums up:

As another move toward recovery, Clairton recently introduced Land Value Taxation ( LVT ), which is based on the economic philosophies of Henry George, Thomas Paine, Adam Smith and others.

A major difference between Adam Smith's view of economics and that of present day capitalist theory is that Adam Smith viewed value as a product of labor, and thus operated under the Labor Theory of Value, which was used by basically all economists until the Labor Theory of Value became central to Marxism.

Marx believed that the extension of the Labor Theory of Value ( the theory of value used by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, etc.

Smith On Labour Value Bilbo, Biscay, Spain: University of the Basque Country Working Paper.

* Barbara Smith, 1988: Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory, Cambridge ( Mass.

Barbara Herrnstein Smith is an American literary critic and theorist, best known for her work Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory.

Smith is a well-known writer, most particularly for her 1988 work on critical theory, Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory.

He was Managing Director of Stewart Smith ( LP & M ) Ltd from 1970 to 1974 and Chairman of the Value Added Tax Tribunal from 1988 to 1995, a member of Wiltshire County Council, 1967 to 1970, of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Statutory Instruments, 1981 to 1988, of the JPC on Consolidation Bills, 1994 – 1999, and of the EC Select Committee ( Law and Institutions ), 1989 – 1992.

* Value and Reality: The Philosophical Case for Theism ( George Allen & Unwin, London 1973 )

* Purcell, Edward A., Jr. ( 1973 ), The Crisis of Democr atic Theory: Scientific Naturalism and the Problem of Value

His book The Nature of Human Values ( 1973 ), and the Rokeach Value Survey ( see values scales ), which the book served as the test manual for, occupied the final years of his career.