* Tnuctipun: An apparently extinct ancient race of small carnivores contemporaneous with and enslaved by the Thrintun.

The Grogs are thought by some to be the descendants of the Thrintun species, after 1. 5 billion years of atrophy.

The Thrintun ( singular Thrint ), in Larry Niven's fictional Known Space universe, are a long-extinct species which ruled the galaxy through telepathic mind control.

The Thrintun evolved on a planet where most animal species possessed telepathic ability.

* Thrintun were one of the species detailed in Barlowe's Guide to Extraterrestrials.

Two billion years before humans evolved, the galaxy was ruled by the Thrintun, who telepathically enslaved other species, including the Tnuctipun.

At one time found on every Thrint estate throughout the Thrintun empire, the only known survivors in Known Space are on the planet Jinx, though they are later found on the Ringworld and on a forested planet called Beanstalk ( in the Man-Kzin Wars story " Hey Diddle Diddle ").

" All chordates in the galaxy committed suicide, including the Thrintun themselves.

And everything in the galaxy that had evolved a backbone perished, including any Thrintun not protected by a stasis field.

Most life in Known Space shares similar biochemistries, since they evolved from the Thrintun practice of seeding barren worlds with food yeast which they used to feed their slaves.

Over a billion years, the Thrintun food yeast evolved into the different life forms in Known Space.

In the ' present day ' of the Known Space universe, the Grogs, a race of sessile furry cones which can control animals telepathically, are suspected of being degenerate descendants of the Thrintun.

* The Thrintun, from Larry Niven's fictional universe of Known Space, were also called slavers.

The Thrintun were green-skinned, scaly carnivores, eating and excreting through a single facial orifice lined with sharp teeth and fringed with pink feeding tendrils.

Thrintun were small ( approximately 1. 25 meters tall ), highly telepathic but not particularly intelligent ( with their mind control, they did not need to be ), reptilian, with green scaly skin, pointed teeth, and a single eye.

As the latter pressed the final battle of the war, the Thrintun, as a death blow they called Suicide Night, used an immensely powerful telepathy amplifier to send a single, telepathic command throughout the Galaxy: " Die.

The war escalated until the Thrintun, rather than accept defeat, employed a device that amplified the sphere of influence of a Thrint's mind control to encompass the entire galaxy.

The Thrintun developed a mediocre philosophic tradition in response to their need for control over their aggressive drives.

Niven is either inconsistent about the actual size of a Thrint, or supposes a wide degree of variation among them: in World of Ptavvs, the character Kzanol is about half the height of a human, whereas later stories portray Thrintun as about 8 feet high.

The Thrintun were nearly defeated about two billion years before the human era.

They secretly planned and executed the revolution to overthrow their Thrintun masters using many of their creations.

When it appeared that the revolt would succeed, the Thrintun elders built and used a psychic amplifier that forced every sentient being in the galaxy to commit suicide, the signal repeating for centuries.

The Thrintun that survived the revolt died out when all their slave races were dead.

* Bandersnatchi: Colossal slug-like creatures, originally created by the Tnuctipun as a food source for the Thrintun.

Believed by the Thrintun to be unintelligent, the Bandersnatchi ( known to the Thrintun as Whitefoods ) were engineered by the Tnuctipun to be highly intelligent spies for their war on the Thrintun.

In Niven's first novel, World of Ptavvs, the hyperdrive used by the Thrintun required a ship to be going faster than 93 % of the speed of light.

Thrintun had no internal mechanism for regulating appetite ; for their own health and safety they had to learn while young to endure their constant, ravenous hunger rather than suffering from sickness due to overeating.

These unfortunates, called Ptavvs, are tattooed pink and are enslaved by other Thrintun.

The only real laws were an indictment against murdering other Thrintun and two " unbreakable oaths ": the prtuuvl for agreements between Thrintun, and the kpitlithtulm for agreements between a Thrint and favoured slaves.

In the years following the events of World of Ptavvs, humans encountered artifacts remaining from the time of the Thrintun.

Based on archaeological and paleontological evidence, it has been possible to infer, to some extent, the ancient dietary practices of various Homo species and to study the role of diet in physical and behavioral evolution within Homo.

Following the ancient Greeks ( Socrates and his successors ) and modern biologists, we say that human being is a species and that each individual person is a member of the species human being.

However, studies of ancient DNA have revealed that in prehuman times it was far more widespread up the west coast of the South Island and was present in the lower half of the North Island where it was the only kiwi species detected.

More than 30 of the species are found at the in Japan, collectively placing them with the name and associated tanka for visitors to read and observe, reminding them of the ancient time in which the references were made.

New Caledonia ’ s natural heritage significantly comprises species whose ancestors were ancient and primitive flora and fauna present on New Caledonia when it broke away from Gondwana millions of years ago, not only species but entire genera and even families are unique to the island, and survive nowhere else.

* Emmer ( T. dicoccum ) – A tetraploid species, cultivated in ancient times but no longer in widespread use.

species ) that were not present ancient China, including a very large number of fish, such as 鰯 ( sardine ).

The hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibius ), or hippo, from the ancient Greek for " river horse " (), is a large, mostly herbivorous mammal in sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae ( the other is the pygmy hippopotamus ).

At a time when most people in Britain still believed in a literal interpretation of Genesis, that the earth was only a few thousand years old and that species did not evolve or become extinct, the find raised questions in scientific and religious circles about what the new science of geology was revealing about ancient life and the history of the earth.

More than 440 species of sharks split across eight orders, listed below in roughly their evolutionary relationship from ancient to modern:

The two Caribbean species of Priotelus were formerly different ones ( Temnotrogon on Hispaniola ), and are extremely ancient.

Marathon 2 brings many elements to the game that can be considered staples of the series such as: a Lh ' owon-native species known as F ' lickta, the mention of an ancient and mysterious race of advanced aliens called the Jjaro, and a clan of S ' pht that avoided enslavement by the Pfhor: the S ' pht ' Kr.

Additionally, bird migration, flower blooming, and the growth of Rome that caused the Colosseum to become embedded within the modern city centre rather than on the outskirts of the ancient city, as well as deliberate transport of species, are also contributing causes.

Professor Ronald Chase of McGill University in Montreal has suggested the ancient myth of Cupid's arrows might be based on early observations of the love dart behavior of the land snail species Helix aspersa.

The Common Fig ( F. carica ) is a temperate species native to southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region ( from Afghanistan to Portugal ), which has been widely cultivated from ancient times for its fruit, also referred to as figs.

Palynology is used by geologists to help date rocks for petroleum, mining and water exploration and to help unravel the history of plants on Earth ; by geographers to investigate climatic and environmental change: by botanists for plant taxonomy and phylogeny ; by immunologist to investigate allergenic pollen ; by archaeologists to study the customs, rituals and agricultural practices of ancient peoples ; by zoologists and environmental scientists to understand foraging habits of insects, birds and mammals and to investigate past native vegetation and habitats in order to preserve the present and protect endangered species.

Currently, eleven species are formally recognised, although recent studies using ancient DNA recovered from bones in museum collections suggest that distinct lineages exist within some of these.

Polyploidy is pervasive in plants and some estimates suggest that 30 – 80 % of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy ( paleopolyploidy ) in their genomes.

Huge explosions in angiosperm species diversity appear to have coincided with the timing of ancient genome duplications shared by many species.

A view advocated by He Xin is that the early dragon depicted a species of crocodile, specifically, Crocodylus porosus, the saltwater crocodile, which is the largest living reptile, and once ranged into China during ancient times.

Because leaves can take such diverse forms within a single species, these are a poor measure of diversity, but wood structure points to the existence of diverse ginkgo forests in ancient times.