In the video game Assassin's Creed II, Minerva appears in an ancient vault underneath the Vatican at the end of the game.

At the Vatican Council II, as representative of American Jews, Heschel persuaded the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate or modify passages in its liturgy that demeaned the Jews, or expected their conversion to Christianity.

When announcing Vatican II, Pope John XXIII stated that the precepts of the Council of Trent continue to the modern day, a position that was reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI.

After the Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican ( Vatican II ) closed in 1965, it became apparent that the Code would need to be revised in light of the documents and theology of Vatican II.

In recent times, its teaching has been most notably expressed in the Vatican II council documents Unitatis Redintegratio ( 1964 ), Lumen Gentium ( 1964 ), Nostra aetate ( 1965 ), an encyclical issued by Pope John Paul II: Ut Unum Sint ( 1995 ), and in a document issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Dominus Iesus in 2000.

The college was founded by a group of graduates and professors of the Integral Program at Saint Mary's College of California, who were discouraged by the liberalism that became common place among the faculty and administration on Saint Mary's campus shortly after Vatican II.

On November 27, 2004, those relics, along with those of John Chrysostom, were returned to Istanbul ( Constantinople ) by Pope John Paul II, with the Vatican retaining a small portion of both.

Frederick II with his falcon, from De arte venandi cum avibus, c. 1240, Vatican Library

As Vatican Council II was concluding, Pope Paul VI enlarged it to fifty-eight members, including married couples, laywomen, as well as theologians and bishops.

He was supported by Vatican II theologians such as Karl Rahner, Hans Küng, and several bishops, including Christopher Butler, who called it one of the most important contributions to contemporary discussion in the Church.

Krohn, an ultraconservative Spanish priest opposed to the Vatican II reforms, believed that the Pope had to be killed for being an " agent of Moscow ".

* Septuagesima – 63 days ( ninth Sunday ) before Easter ( Pre – Vatican II Calendar )

* Sexagesima – 56 days ( eighth Sunday ) before Easter ( Pre – Vatican II Calendar )

* Quinquagesima Sunday – 49 days ( seventh Sunday ) before Easter ( Pre – Vatican II Calendar )

They met when her mother was treated by him in New York City on a weekend housecall, after Moore and her mother returned from a visit to the Vatican where they had personal audience with Pope John Paul II.

The signatories, a group of predominantly German-speaking theologians asserted that " the freedom of theologians, and theology in the service of the church, regained by Vatican II, must not be jeopardized again.

Funeral of Pope John Paul II at the Vatican in 2005, presided over by Cardinal Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI

The Second Vatican Council referred to all bishops as " vicars and ambassadors of Christ ", and this description of the bishops was repeated by Pope John Paul II in his encyclical Ut unum sint, 95.

Pope John XXIII was the last pope to use full papal ceremony, some of which was abolished after Vatican II, while the rest fell into disuse.

* Vatican II Texts from the Eternal Word Television Network

* Vatican II Texts from Christus Rex

In the Roman Curia, he also held membership in the Congregation for Bishops, Congregation for Oriental Churches, Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Congregation for the Causes of Saints, Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts, Pontifical Commission for Latin America, and Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State. He lost these positions on reaching his 80th birthday

Alexis Carrel was also a member of learned societies in the U. S., Spain, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Vatican City, Germany, Italy and Greece and received honorary doctorates from Queen's University of Belfast, Princeton University, California, New York, Brown University and Columbia University.

* 1962 – Representatives from the Russian Orthodox Church and Vatican City meet in Metz, France, and come to an agreement wherein the Russian church would send observers to the Second Vatican Council and in exchange, the Roman Catholic Church would refuse to condemn Communism.

Whilst members of the Independent Catholic movement take seriously the issue of valid orders, it is highly significant that the relevant Vatican Congregations tend not to respond to petitions from Independent Catholic bishops and clergy who seek to be received into communion with the Holy See, hoping to continue in some sacramental role.

The Cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name ( once he has been ordained to the Episcopate ) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State.

The Vatican Obelisk was first brought from Egypt to Rome by Caligula.

Domitian as Emperor ( Vatican Museums ), possibly recut from a statue of Nero.

There is no mention of Euclid in the earliest remaining copies of the Elements, and most of the copies say they are " from the edition of Theon " or the " lectures of Theon ", while the text considered to be primary, held by the Vatican, mentions no author.

The only surviving complete works by Epicurus are three letters, which are to be found in book X of Diogenes Laertius ' Lives of Eminent Philosophers, and two groups of quotes: the Principal Doctrines, reported as well in Diogenes ' book X, and the Vatican Sayings, preserved in a manuscript from the Vatican Library.

Almagia also identified three manuscripts in the Vatican Library which contain versions of excerpts from the original manuscript.

… ( It ) is the universal government of the Catholic Church and operates from the Vatican City State.

" This agrees exactly with the expression used by the website of the United States Department of State, in giving information on both the Holy See and the Vatican City State: it too says that the Holy See " operates from the Vatican City State ".

Although the Holy See, as distinct from the Vatican City State, does not fulfil the long-established criteria in international law of statehood — having a permanent population, a defined territory, a stable government and the capacity to enter into relations with other states — its possession of full legal personality in international law is shown by the fact that it maintains diplomatic relations with 179 states, that it is a member-state in various intergovernmental international organizations, and that it is: " respected by the international community of sovereign States and treated as a subject of international law having the capacity to engage in diplomatic relations and to enter into binding agreements with one, several, or many states under international law that are largely geared to establish and preserving peace in the world.

The Pope, head of state of Vatican City, is chosen by previously appointed cardinals under 80 years of age from among themselves in a papal conclave.

In the Raphael Rooms in the Vatican Palace, allegories and historical scenes are mixed together, and the Raphael Cartoons show scenes from the Gospels, all in the Grand Manner that from the High Renaissance became associated with, and often expected in, history painting.

After the Second Vatican Council declared that the use of statues and pictures in churches should be moderate, most statuary was removed and even destroyed from many Catholic Churches.

In 1794, France's revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the Treaty of Tolentino ( 1797 ) by works from the Vatican, such as Laocoön and His Sons and the Apollo Belvedere, to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a " sign of popular sovereignty ".

Apart from Vatican City, Liechtenstein is the only country in the world not to host any embassy.

Death of Laocoön from the Vatican Vergil.

When the Pope passed them, Ağca fired several shots and wounded him, but was grabbed by spectators and Vatican security chief Camillo Cibin and prevented from finishing the assassination or escaping.