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* Vespasian disbanded four Rhine legions ( I Germanica, IIII Macedonica, XV Primigenia and XVI Gallica ), disgraced for having surrendered or lost their eagles during the revolt of Julius Civilis.
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Vespasian and disbanded
The legion was disbanded in 70 by Emperor Vespasian.
After the pacification was complete, Vespasian himself came to the Rhine and disbanded I Germanica.
The legion was shortly thereafter disbanded by Vespasian.
Vespasian and four
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, surrounds the Jewish capital, with four Roman legions.
Chaos ensued, leading to a year of brutal civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors, during which the four most influential generals in the Roman Empire — Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian — successively vied for imperial power.
With four legions at his disposal, Vespasian commanded a strength of nearly 80, 000 soldiers.
Over the next four years, the territory was consolidated and the future emperor Vespasian led a campaign into the Southwest where he subjugated two more tribes.
These four emperors were Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian.
In the year of the four emperors ( 69 ), XIII Gemina supported first Otho and then Vespasian against Vitellius, fighting in the two Battles of Bedriacum.
* Year of the Four Emperors ( 69 AD ) four emperors, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian, ruled in succession.
In the year of the four emperors 69, the legion, and the rest of the Danubian army, aligned first with Otho, then with Vespasian.
Vespasian was given four legions and in 67 CE invaded the Galilee, working his way towards Jerusalem and destroying the rebel forces on the way.
Tacitus wrote the Historiae 30 years later, not long after Trajan's seizure of power, which bore similarities to the events of the year 69, when four emperors ( Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian ) each took power in quick succession.
After Nero's overthrow, in 69, the " Year of the four emperors ", the praetorian fleets supported Emperor Otho against the usurper Vitellius, and after his eventual victory, Vespasian formed another legion, legio II Adiutrix, from their ranks.
The Roman command of the revolt's suppression was then handed to general Vespasian and his son Titus, who assembled four legions and began cleansing the country, starting with Galilee, in the year 67 CE.
Vespasian and Rhine
* Emperor Vespasian begins conquest of territory east of the upper Rhine and south of the Main.
Even Vespasian, who was fighting Vitellius for the imperial throne, saluted the rebellion that kept his enemy from calling the Rhine legions to Italy.
Meanwhile government at Rome stabilized under Vespasian, who sent some 8 legions from various parts of the empire under Quintus Petillius Cerialis, a fortunate choice, to deal with the confusion on the Rhine frontier.
Vespasian and legions
A strong force drawn from the Judaean and Syrian legions marched on Rome under the command of Mucianus, while Vespasian himself travelled to Alexandria, leaving Titus in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion.
Support for the old emperor was waning however, as more legions throughout the empire pledged their allegiance to Vespasian.
It is not known how many Roman legions were sent ; only one legion, the II Augusta, commanded by the future emperor Vespasian, is directly attested to have taken part.
* 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
For example, the defeat of Vitellius in the Year of the Four Emperors was decided when the Danubian legions chose to support Vespasian.
His claim to the throne was soon challenged by legions stationed in the eastern provinces, who proclaimed their commander Vespasian emperor instead.
Two legions, with eight cavalry squadrons and ten auxiliary cohorts, were therefore dispatched under the command of Vespasian while his elder son, Titus, arrived from Alexandria with another.
* July 1 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as emperor.
* The Danubian legions of Raetia and Moesia proclaims Vespasian as emperor.
Nero appointed Vespasian to put down the rebellion, who was dispatched to the region at once with the fifth and tenth legions.
A strong force drawn from the Judaean and Syrian legions marched on Rome under the command of Mucianus, while Vespasian travelled to Alexandria, leaving Titus in charge to end the Jewish rebellion.
Emperor Nero then appointed Vespasian to put down the rebellion, who landed in Judaea with fifth and tenth legions in 67.
Vespasian was winning the war and Civilis was helping him to become emperor by preventing at least the two legions besieged in Xanten, loyal to Vitellius, from coming to his rescue.
Meanwhile, the legions stationed in the African province of Egypt and the Middle East provinces of Iudaea ( Judea / Palestine ) and Syria had acclaimed Vespasian as emperor.
Before the eastern legions could reach Rome, the Danubian legions of the provinces of Raetia and Moesia also acclaimed Vespasian as Emperor in August, and led by Marcus Antonius Primus invaded Italy.
: Vespasian legions: III Augusta, I Macriana liberatrix
* July 1 – Vespasian, commander of the Roman army in Judaea, proclaimed emperor by the legions of Egypt under Tiberius Julius Alexander
* August – The Danubian legions announce support to Vespasian ( in Syria ) and invade Italy in September on his behalf
When Vespasian was finally acclaimed undisputed emperor, the legions XV Primigenia and V Alaudae returned to Castra Vetera ( Xanten camp ), where the Batavian rebellion was already in progress.
It appears to have received the appellation of Gemina on account of its amalgamation by Vespasian with one of the German legions, not improbably the Legio I Germanica.
Vespasian and I
As a result, many future emperors served as governors or legates in this province, including Vespasian, Pertinax, and Gordian I.
* June 23 – Vespasian dies of fever from diarrhea, his last words on his deathbed are: " I think I'm turning into a god.
* Vespasian fortified Armazi ( Georgia ) for the Iberian king Mithridates I.
In the Year of the Four Emperors ( 69 ), after the death of Nero, the legion received the name I Italica and fought for Vitellius at the second Battle of Bedriacum, where the Vitellians were defeated by forces supporting Vespasian.
The Vespasian Psalter ( London, British Library, Cotton Vespasian A I ) is an Anglo-Saxon illuminated Psalter produced in the second or third quarter of the 8th century.
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