Other transnational competitions include the Pro 12, involving Irish, Italian, Scottish and Welsh teams ; The Rugby Championship, involving South African, Australian, New Zealand and Argentinian Teams ; and the Heineken Cup, involving the top European teams from their respective domestic competitions.

* Welsh Cup, an annual football competition

Founded in 1893, Aberdare were Welsh Cup runners-up, in 1903 – 04 1904 – 05 and 1922 / 23.

Newport County AFC win Welsh Cup for first time.

The Welsh national rugby union team takes part in the annual Six Nations Championship and has also competed in every Rugby World Cup, hosting the tournament in 1999.

The Welsh regional teams play in the Magners League, the Anglo-Welsh Cup ( LV Cup ), the European Heineken Cup and the European ( Amlin ) Challenge Cup.

Newport County were Welsh Cup winners in 1980 and subsequently reached the quarter-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup.

This was also the year that County won the Welsh Cup, entitling them to play in the 1980 – 81 season European Cup Winners ' Cup.

Newport appeared in the Welsh Cup final again in 1987, this time losing 1 – 0 to Merthyr Tydfil after a replay.

Neath Rugby Football Club, the famous and very successful " Welsh All Blacks ", play at The Gnoll who have managed to win 4 consecutive titles in the Semi Professional Principality Premiership and 3 Swalec Cup titles ( Previously known as Schweppes and Konica Minolta Cups ) and are now competing in a new competition The British and Irish Cup founded in 2009.

A place in the second round of the Europa League is also awarded to the winners of the Welsh Cup.

If the winners of the Welsh Cup have already qualified for Europe via their league placing ( e. g. finishing first and winning the Cup ) the fourth placed team inherits the Europa spot.

* Welsh Cup winners ( 3 ): 1992 / 93, 1993 / 94, 2011 / 12

Founded in 1876, Bangor City have played in the inaugural season on the Welsh Cup and the UEFA Europa League, along with being founder members of the North Wales Coast League, the Welsh National League, the North Wales Combination, the Welsh League ( North ), the Northern Premier League, the Alliance Premier League and the League of Wales.

* Welsh Cup Finalists 1973 – 74

* 1983 – Mark Webster, Welsh darts player

* 1983 – James Collins, Welsh footballer

" On the Significance of some Arthurian Names in Welsh " in Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 30 ( 1983 ), pp. 268 – 73

* 1983 – Rhydian Roberts, Welsh singer and reality show contestant

* Laura Douglas ( born 1983 ), Welsh hammer thrower

ISBN 0-312-13586-6 </ ref > or " Welsh pears " in Welsh textiles as far back as 1888 .< REF NAME =" GH "> Quilting and Patchwork, Good Housekeeping ( 1983 ).

* Thomas Brown ( rugby ), Welsh rugby union player, born 1983

from: 1983 till: end text :" Welsh Fourth Channel Authority ( 1983 -)" color: s4c

* Thomas Brown ( rugby ) ( born 1983 ), Welsh rugby union and rugby league player, not to be confused with Tom Brown ( rugby union ), born 1990

David Watkins MBE ( born 5 March 1942 in Blaina, Wales ) is a Welsh former dual-code rugby international, having played both rugby union and rugby league football for both codes ' national teams between 1967 and 1983.

In 1983 the Welsh League was reorganised to create a form of " premiership " for the leading clubs and Haverfordwest's facilities, administration and playing record secured their admittance.

* Andrew Davies ( darts player ) ( born 1983 ), Welsh darts player

The club become full members of the Welsh Rugby Union in 1983.

Welsh National Opera, established in 1946, and the BBC Cardiff Singer of the World competition, launched in 1983, attracted attention to Wales's growing reputation as a centre of excellence in the classical genre.

When he returned to Wales he became active in the Welsh Liberal Party and stood unsuccessfully for Pembroke in 1979 and Brecon and Radnor in 1983.

Three of Young's albums, No Parlez ( 1983 ), The Secret of Association ( 1985 ) and Other Voices ( 1990 ) featured Welsh bassist Pino Palladino.

The club's contribution to Wales was seen again in 1983, when Pontypool's " forward factory " produced five of the Welsh pack in the Five Nations Championship.

Although the Welsh Liberal Party and Plaid Cymru became committed to a Welsh parliament ( with full law making and tax raising powers ) by 1983 it was not until 1992 that a Welsh Assembly with executive powers was put into the Labour Party's manifesto.

He also won the Welsh Professional Championship in 1981 and 1983.

A member of the Conservative Party, he served in the Cabinet as the Environment Secretary ( 1970 – 72 ), Trade and Industry Secretary ( 1972 – 74 ), Agriculture Minister ( 1979 – 83 ), Energy Secretary ( 1983 – 87 ) and Welsh Secretary ( 1987 – 90 ).

* Mary Vaughan Jones ( 1918 – 1983 ), Welsh children's author and schoolteacher

Musician Alan Stivell uses a similar dichotomy, between the Gaelic ( Irish / Scottish / Manx ) and the Brythonic ( Breton / Welsh / Cornish ) branches, which differentiate " mostly by the extended range ( sometimes more than two octaves ) of Irish and Scottish melodies and the closed range of Breton and Welsh melodies ( often reduced to a half-octave ), and by the frequent use of the pure pentatonic scale in Gaelic music.

Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

Another Indo-European example is star ( English ), str-( Sanskrit ), tara ( Hindi-Urdu ), étoile ( French ), ἀστήρ ( astēr ) ( Greek or ἀστέρι / ἄστρο, asteri / astro in Modern Greek ), stella ( Italian ), aster ( Latin ) stea ( Romanian and Venetian ), stairno ( Gothic ), astl ( Armenian ), Stern ( German ), ster ( Dutch and Afrikaans ), starn ( Scots ), stjerne ( Norwegian and Danish ), stjarna ( Icelandic ), stjärna ( Swedish ), stjørna ( Faroese ), setāre ( Persian ), stoorei ( Pashto ), seren ( Welsh ), steren ( Cornish ), estel ( Catalan ), estrella Spanish, estrella Asturian and Leonese, estrela ( Portuguese and Galician ) and estêre or stêrk ( Kurdish ), from the PIE, " star ".

In the Welsh language who's origins, like Cornish is from the ancient British or Brythonic language line, ' Cist ' is also used for such ancient graves, but in modern use, can also mean a chest, a coffer, a box, or even the boot / trunk of a car.

He further suggested that Cavalon / Camelot became Arthur's capital due to confusion with Arthur's other traditional court at Carlion ( Caer Lleon in Welsh ).

Dolmens are known by a variety of names in other languages including dolmain ( Irish ), cromlech ( Welsh ), anta ( Portuguese and Galician ), Hünengrab / Hünenbett ( German ), Adamra ( Abkhazian ), Ispun ( Circassian ), Hunebed ( Dutch ), dysse ( Danish and Norwegian ), dös ( Swedish ), and goindol ( Korean ).

* 2009 Nadolig Plentyn yng Nghymru / A Child's Christmas in Wales, 2009 BAFTA Best Short Film, animation, soundtrack in Welsh and English, Director: Dave Unwin.

In the late 15th / early 16th century Middle Cornish play Beunans Ke, Arthur's sword is called Calesvol, which is etymologically an exact Middle Cornish cognate of the Welsh Caledfwlch.

English " Welsh " does not mean the same as German " Welsch -" ( implying, roughly, " Romance-language-speaking ") or Polish " Włoch " ( an Italian ) or Greek Βλάχ ( Romanian and / or Aromanian ), all stemming from an Old German root * welkh meaning " foreigner ".

The names used in the languages themselves ( Gaeilge / Gaolainn / Gaelic in Irish, Gaelg / Gailck in Manx, and Gàidhlig in Scottish Gaelic ) are derived from Old Irish Goídelc, which comes from Old Welsh Guoidel meaning " pirate, raider ".

Less likely is the commonly proposed derivation from Welsh arth " bear " + ( g ) wr " man " ( earlier * Arto-uiros in Brittonic ); there are phonological difficulties with this theory — notably that a Brittonic compound name * Arto-uiros should produce Old Welsh * Artgur and Middle / Modern Welsh * Arthwr and not Arthur ( in Welsh poetry the name is always spelled Arthur and is exclusively rhymed with words ending in-ur-never words ending in-wr-which confirms that the second element cannot be wr " man ").