When an occurrence Af is isolated during text reading, a random memory address Af, the address of a cell in the X-region, is computed from the form of Af.

When the separation of scales does not hold, or when one wants to establish a continuum of a finer resolution than that of the RVE size, one employs a statistical volume element ( SVE ), which, in turn, leads to random continuum fields.

When U and V are two independent normally distributed random variables with expected value 0 and variance 1, then the ratio U / V has the standard Cauchy distribution.

When subjects were placed into groups and given random amounts of income, they spent their own money to reduce the incomes of the highest earners and increase the incomes of the lowest earners.

When people are asked to make up a random-looking sequence of coin tosses, they tend to make sequences where the proportion of heads to tails stays closer to 0. 5 in any short segment than would be predicted by chance ( insensitivity to sample size ); Kahneman and Tversky interpret this to mean that people believe short sequences of random events should be representative of longer ones.

When, via random mutation across the population, the photosensitive cells happened to have developed on a small depression, it endowed the organism with a better sense of the light's source.

SIAM Journal on Computing, 10 ( 1 ): 96-113 ( 1981 )</ ref > When a question is true for almost all oracles, it is said to be true for a random oracle.

When averaged over astronomically short timescales, their relative position is random, just like bodies that are nowhere near resonance.

When dealing with experiments that are random and well-defined in a purely theoretical setting ( like tossing a fair coin ), probabilities describe the statistical number of outcomes considered divided by the number of all outcomes ( tossing a fair coin twice will yield HH with probability 1 / 4, because the four outcomes HH, HT, TH and TT are possible ).

When these samples are independent observations of the same random event they can be called independent identically distributed random variables.

When the primary electron beam interacts with the sample, the electrons lose energy by repeated random scattering and absorption within a teardrop-shaped volume of the specimen known as the interaction volume, which extends from less than 100 nm to around 5 µm into the surface.

When the primes are chosen appropriately, and O ( log log M ) lower-order bits of each x < sub > n </ sub > are output, then in the limit as M grows large, distinguishing the output bits from random should be at least as difficult as factoring M.

When the supernova remnant slows to the speed of the random velocities in the surrounding medium, after roughly 30, 000 years, it will merge into the general turbulent flow, contributing its remaining kinetic energy to the turbulence.

When the signal is constant or periodic and the noise is random, it is possible to enhance the SNR by averaging the measurement.

When we observe an illuminated surface, we detect the average energy of the light at the surface ; thus the brightness of a given point on a surface which has been illuminated by a set of random scatterers with a single frequency, is constant over time, but varies randomly from point to point, i. e. it is a speckle pattern.

When this is not done properly the brake pads will see an uneven distribution of stress and heat, resulting in an uneven, seemingly random, deposition of pad material.

When the user pulls the trigger the screen is replaced for a split-second with a seemingly random display of black and white pixels, or groups of pixels ( blocks ).

When the current in the coil is turned off, most of the domains lose alignment and return to a random state and the field disappears.

When the IV is chosen at random, the probability of collisions due to the birthday problem must be taken into account.

When the elliptic curve is chosen randomly, then N < sub > p </ sub > and N < sub > q </ sub > are random numbers close to p + 1 and q + 1, respectively ( see below ).

When nodes are ordered at random,

When enough bits of entropy have been collected, replace both key and IV with new random values and decrease the estimated entropy remaining in the pool.

When the Data Encryption Standard cipher was released in 1977, a key length of 56 bits was thought to be sufficient.

When pairs of horses are used in drawing a wagon or coach it is usual for the outer side of each pair to be connected to reins and the inside of the bits connected by a short bridging strap or rope.

When they are both large, for instance more than 2000 bits long, randomly chosen, and about the same size ( but not too close, e. g. to avoid efficient factorization by Fermat's factorization method ), even the fastest prime factorization algorithms on the fastest computers can take enough time to make the search impractical ; that is, as the number of digits of the primes being factored increases, the number of operations required to perform the factorization on any computer increases drastically.

When address spaces increased from 16 to 32 bits, kernel design was no longer cramped by the hardware architecture, and kernels began to grow.

When a sequence of start bit, 5 data bits and stop bit arrives at the input of the teleprinter, it is converted to a 5-bit word and passed to the printer or VDU.

When the resulting series of bits is reread according to the serialization format, it can be used to create a semantically identical clone of the original object.

When the line is broken, the continuous spacing ( open circuit, no current flowing ) causes a receiving teleprinter to cycle continuously, even in the absence of stop bits.

When three bits flip in the same group there can be situations where the code corrects towards the wrong code word.

When voice signals are digitized for transmission via T-carrier, the data stream always includes ample 1 bits to maintain synchronization.

When a measurement is digitised, the number of bits used to represent the measurement determines the maximum possible signal-to-noise ratio.

When copied to a digit, the three bits were placed in bit positions 0-3-4.

When IBM later expanded the S / 370 address space in S / 370-XA, several reasons are cited for the choice of 31 bits:

When a string is converted to arithmetic encoding, frequently used characters will be stored with fewer bits and not-so-frequently occurring characters will be stored with more bits, resulting in fewer bits used in total.

When very small vias are required, drilling with mechanical bits is costly because of high rates of wear and breakage.

When used as a memory, the ROM contains words of n bits each.

When using asynchronous serial communication such as standard RS-232 serial ports, bits are sent in groups of 8, and bit-stuffing is inconvenient.

When all 16 bits are used, one of the components ( usually green, see below ) gets an extra bit, allowing 64 levels of intensity for that component, and a total of 65, 536 available colors.

When Letterman moved to CBS and began Late Show, several of Late Nights long-running comedy bits made the move with him.

When I show up he will know you are a good wife to have told him about it ''.

When the Know-nothings get control, it will read, All men are created equal except Negroes and foreigners and Catholics.

When the reactionary response is thus bolstered by an intellectual defense, the characteristics of that defense are explicable only in terms of the basic attitudes of unanalyzed reaction.

When combined with the metaphysical notion that pure forms of this universe are best appreciated when least embodied in a material substratum, it becomes clear that while earth will be dross on a scale of material-formal ratios, celestial bodies will be of a subtle, quickened, ethereal existence, in whose embodiment pure form will be the dominant component and matter will be absent or remain subsidiary.

She used to tell me, `` When I stand there and look at the flag blowing this way and that way, I have the wonderful, safe feeling that Americans are protected no matter which way the wind blows ''.

When we consider the disorganized state of the world community, and the legacy of predispositions adversely directed against all who are identified as Jews, it is obvious that the struggle for the minds and muscles of men needs to be prosecuted with increasing vigor and skill.

When these fields are surveyed together, important patterns of relationship emerge indicating a vast community of reciprocal influence, a continuity of thought and expression including many traditions, primarily literary, religious, and philosophical, but frequently including contact with the fine arts and even, to some extent, with science.

When different colors are used, she is just as likely to color trees purple, hair green, etc..

When finally the two bedraggled men reach their friend's home, Voltaire's fears are once again aroused.

`` When are you to leave ''??

When the roof blocks are all in place, the final rows of wall blocks are mortared into position.

When the aid operations are reorganized the Peace Corps should remain a semi-autonomous, functional unit.

When the budget goes to trustees for approval it is the president's budget, to which his faith and credit are committed ; ;

When they have 4 to 6 leaves and are thrifty little plants, it's time to set them out where they are to remain.

When aircraft are no longer helpless on airfields, they are no longer vulnerable to Aj.

When more than two figures are separated by subtraction symbols the subtraction must be carried out from the left to right if the result is to be correct.

When they're on, the top edges are planed even with the sheer batten.

When painting, Mason's physical eyes are half-closed, while his mind's eye is wide open, and this circumstance accounts in part for the impression he wishes to convey.

When improvements are recommended in working conditions -- such as lighting, rest rooms, eating facilities, air-conditioning -- do you try to set a measure of their effectiveness on productivity??

When sufficiently accurate and complete measurements are available, it will be possible to set limits on the thermal and electrical characteristics of the surface and subsurface materials of the moon.

When some thirteen records of newly and recently born individuals are collated, little or no correlation between length and distribution can be detected.

When three dice are tossed repeatedly, what is the probability that the number of aces is 0 ( or 1, or 2, or 3 )??