This thesis is not confirmed by the extensive study on the causes of the dissolution of the Soviet Union by two prominent economists from the World Bank — William Easterly and Stanley Fisher from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Development economists, such as William Easterly, have conducted research which ranked the IDA as featuring the most transparency and best practices among donors of development aid.

* William Easterly, author of The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists ' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics description and review and White Man's Burden: How the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good ( description and preview ).

* Easterly, William ( 2002 ), Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists ' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics, The MIT Press

One of Sachs's strongest critics is William Easterly, a professor of economics at New York University.

William Easterly wrote a rebuttal and Sachs wrote a re-rebuttal.

* Easterly, William ( 2001 ).

* William Easterly

In science and technology, Columbia alumni include: founder of IBM Herman Hollerith ; inventor of FM radio Edwin Armstrong ; inventor of the nuclear submarine Hyman Rickover ; founder of Google China Kai-Fu Lee ; scientists Stephen Jay Gould, Robert Millikan, Helium – neon laser inventor Ali Javan and Michael Pupin ; chief-engineer of the New York City subway William Barclay Parsons ; philosophers Irwin Edman and Robert Nozick ; and economist Milton Friedman

* 1934 – William Forsyth Sharpe, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

British economist William Stanley Jevons suggested in the 1870s that there is a relationship between sunspots and business cycle crises.

** William Baumol, American economist

** William Forsyth Sharpe, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

Marshall achieved a measure of fame from this work, and upon the death of William Jevons in 1882, Marshall became the leading British economist of the scientific school of his time.

According to economist William Stanley Jevons ( 1875 ), representative money arose because metal coins often were " variously clipped or depreciated " during use, but using representations for the value stored in banks ensured its worth.

In 1930 economist William Howard Steiner wrote that the term was used " at one time to signify that a certain amount of bullion was stored in the Treasury while the equivalent paper in circulation " represented the bullion.

The 20th century British economist William Beveridge stated that an unemployment rate of 3 % was full employment.

Famous employees include economist John Kenneth Galbraith, legal scholar William Prosser, and President Richard Nixon.

* List of Washington University faculty and staff: economist and Nobel Memorial Prize winner Douglass North ; husband and wife biochemists and co-Nobel Prize winners Carl and Gerty Cori ; physicist and Nobel Prize winner Arthur Holly Compton ; novelists Stanley Elkin and William Gass ; poets Carl Phillips and Mary Jo Bang ; architect Fumihiko Maki ; neurologist and Nobel Prize winner Rita Levi-Montalcini ; sex researchers William Masters and Virginia Johnson ; Poets Laureate Howard Nemerov and Mona Van Duyn ; sociologist and " outlaw Marxist " Alvin Ward Gouldner ; attorney, former Counsel to Vice-President Al Gore and former Tennessee Attorney General Charles Burson ; writer and culture critic Gerald Early ; Economist, and former Chair of President Ronald Reagan's Council of Economic Advisors, Murray Weidenbaum ; chemist Joseph W. Kennedy, co-discoverer of the element plutonium ; computer scientist Jonathan S. Turner, internationally renowned expert in computer networking ; computer scientist Raj Jain, pioneer in the field of network congestion ; and Law Professor Troy A. Paredes, currently on leave as a commissioner of the SEC.

One version of the Dutch auction is OpenIPO, which is based on an auction system designed by Nobel Prize-winning economist William Vickrey.

Stead also became involved with the writer, broker and Marxist political economist William J. Blake, with whom she travelled to Spain ( leaving at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War ) and to the USA.

* L. William Seidman, economist, financial commentator, and former head of the U. S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

* William Cunningham, economist

William Phillips, a New Zealand born economist, wrote a paper in 1958 titled The Relation between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957, which was published in the quarterly journal Economica.

" He was a student of philosopher Noah Porter ( 1811 – 1892 ) and economist / sociologist William Graham Sumner ( 1840 – 1910 ).

William Philip " Phil " Gramm ( born July 8, 1942 ) is an American economist and politician, who has served as a Democratic Congressman ( 1979 – 1983 ), a Republican Congressman ( 1983 – 1985 ) and a Republican Senator ( 1985 – 2002 ) from Texas.

William H. Meckling — who would remain dean for 19 years — was already a noted economist when he arrived in Rochester, best known for his analysis and leadership in support of an all-volunteer U. S. armed service.

William Henry Beveridge, 1st Baron Beveridge KCB ( 5 March 1879 – 16 March 1963 ) was a British economist and social reformer.

* William Beveridge ( 1879 – 1963 ), British economist and social reformer

* Annette Akroyd ( 1842-1929 ), English orientalist and reformer ; wife of Henry Beveridge, mother of William Beveridge ( economist )

* date unknown-Charles Davenant, economist, son of Sir William Davenant ( born 1656 )

The Black Sea deluge theory ( published in 1997 by William Ryan and Walter Pitman from Columbia University ) contends that the Bosphorus was formed about 5600 BC when the rising waters of the Mediterranean / Sea of Marmara breached through to the Black Sea, which at the time ( according to the theory ) was a low-lying body of fresh water.

* William Goddard ( apprentice / partner of Franklin )

Nicaragua's legal system also is a mixture of the English Common Law and the Civil Law through the influence of British administration of the Eastern half of the country from the mid-17th century until about 1905, the William Walker period from about 1855 through 1857, USA interventions / occupations during the period from 1909 to 1933, the influence of USA institutions during the Somoza family administrations ( 1933 through 1979 ) and the considerable importation between 1979 and the present of USA culture and institutions.

William Lycan, for example, argued in his book Consciousness and Experience that at least eight clearly distinct types of consciousness can be identified ( organism consciousness ; control consciousness ; consciousness of ; state / event consciousness ; reportability ; introspective consciousness ; subjective consciousness ; self-consciousness )— and that even this list omits several more obscure forms.

The areas around Leeson Street, Harcourt Street, South William Street and Camden / George's Street are popular nightlife spots for locals.

Exorcist author / screenwriter William Peter Blatty said in the book Former Child Stars: The Story of America's Least Wanted that he had " no such recollection " of Plato being offered the role.

William Wright had met and married Anna Lloyd Jones ( 1838 / 39 – 1923 ), a county school teacher, the previous year when he was employed as the superintendent of schools for Richland County.

It is the start / end of both the West Highland Way ( Milngavie / Fort William ) and the Great Glen Way ; a walk / cycle way ( Fort William / Inverness ).

Fort William is the northern end of the West Highland Way, a long distance route which runs 95 miles through the Scottish Highlands to Milngavie, on the outskirts of Glasgow, and the start / end point of the Great Glen Way, which runs between Fort William and Inverness.

His brothers were director / writer Kenneth Neil Hawks and film producer William Bettingger Hawks.

* 1619 – 1640: George William I / I ( son of, also Elector of Brandenburg )

* 1640 – 1688: Frederick I / III William the Great Elector ( son of, also Elector of Brandenburg )

Henry I ( c. 1068 / 1069 – 1 December 1135 ) was the fourth son of William I of England.

During their marriage they had three children: Mary Louise ( 4 / 21 / 1931 ), William Eugene ( 8 / 9 / 1933 ), Robert Frank ( 5 / 10 / 1935 ).