Skeletal formula of clozapine, the first atypical antipsychotic

Skeletal formula of clozapine, the first atypical antipsychotic, a dopamine antagonist.

Niobium is a lustrous, grey, ductile, paramagnetic metal in group 5 of the periodic table ( see table ), although it has an atypical configuration in its outermost electron shells compared to the rest of the members.

Periodic comets have an average inclination to the ecliptic of only ten degrees, and an orbital period of just 6. 5 years, so Halley's orbit is atypical.

An atypical form of RTT, characterized by infantile spasms or early onset epilepsy, can also be caused by a mutation to the gene encoding cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 ( CDKL5 ).

It was initially thought to be a form of maturity onset diabetes of the young, and went through several other descriptive names ( such as " idiopathic type 1 diabetes ", " Flatbush diabetes ", " atypical diabetes " and " type 1. 5 diabetes ") before the current terminology of " ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes " was adopted.

This atypical molecular pattern includes the coexpression of cells surface markers cluster of differentiation 5 ( CD5 ) and cluster of differentiation 23 ( CD23 ).

Other abnormalities that can be seen on the ECG include ( 1 ) signs of right atrial enlargement or tall and broad ' Himalayan ' P waves, ( 2 ) first degree atrioventricular block manifesting as a prolonged PR-interval, ( 3 ) low amplitude QRS complexes in the right precordial leads, ( 4 ) atypical right bundle branch block, ( 5 ) T wave inversion in V1-V4 and Q waves in V1-V4 and II, III and aVF.

Mean relapse-free survival for atypical meningiomas was 11. 5 years vs. 2. 7 years for anaplastic meningiomas.

Thus the student of literature may sometimes find it helpful to classify a poem or an essay as being in idea or in ideal content or subject matter typical or atypical of its period.

Adjuvant analgesics, also called atypical analgesics, include nefopam, orphenadrine, pregabalin, gabapentin, cyclobenzaprine, scopolamine, and other drugs possessing anticonvulsant, anticholinergic and / or antispasmodic properties, as well as many other drugs with CNS actions.

His rather atypical Battle of Issus ( or of Alexander ) of 1529 was commissioned by William IV, Duke of Bavaria as part of a series of eight historical battle scenes destined to hang in the Residenz in Munich.

Most of the drugs in the second generation, known as atypical antipsychotics, have been developed more recently, although the first atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, was discovered in the 1950s and introduced clinically in the 1970s.

Antipsychotics are broadly divided into two groups, the typical or first-generation antipsychotics and the atypical or second-generation antipsychotics.

The typical antipsychotics are classified according to their chemical structure while the atypical antipsychotics are classified according to their pharmacological properties.

Those that are available in pills only are clozapine, olanzapine, and ziprasidone, and other recently discovered atypicals, while those available as depot ( as well as pills ) are haloperidol, fluphenazine and other phenothiazines, thioxanthenes such as flupenthixol and clopenthixol, and the atypical risperidone.

* The atypical antipsychotics ( especially olanzapine and clozapine ) seem to ( due to occupancy of the histamine receptor ) cause weight gain more commonly than the typical antipsychotics.

The typical antipsychotics are more prone to cause this, compared to the atypical antipsychotics.

There have been a large number of studies of the efficacy of typical antipsychotics, and an increasing number on the more recent atypical antipsychotics.

While the atypical ( second-generation ) antipsychotics were marketed as offering greater efficacy in reducing psychotic symptoms while reducing side effects ( and Extrapyramidal symptoms in particular ) than typical medications, the results showing these effects often lacked robustness, and the assumption was increasingly challenged even as atypical prescriptions were soaring.

These conclusions were, however, questioned by another review, which found that clozapine, amisulpride, and olanzapine and risperidone were more effective Clozapine has appeared to be more effective than other atypical antipsychotics, although it has previously been banned due to its potentially lethal side effects.

This study compared several atypical antipsychotics to an older typical antipsychotic, perphenazine, among 1493 persons with schizophrenia.

The mean and maximal doses used for olanzapine were considerably higher than standard practice, and this has been postulated as a biasing factor that may explain olanzapine's superior efficacy over the other atypical antipsychotics studied, where doses were more in line with clinically relevant practices.

No other atypical studied ( risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone ) did better than the typical perphenazine on the measures used, nor did they produce fewer adverse effects than the typical antipsychotic perphenazine ( a result supported by a meta-analysis by Dr. Leucht published in Lancet ), although more patients discontinued perphenazine owing to extrapyramidal effects compared to the atypical agents ( 8 % vs. 2 % to 4 %, P = 0. 002 ).

* Zotepine ( Nipolept, Losizopilon, Lodopin, Setous )- An atypical antipsychotic indicated for acute and chronic schizophrenia.

Like the other atypical antipsychotics, it is believed to have antagonist activity at dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain.

* Aripiprazole ( Abilify )-Mechanism of action is thought to reduce susceptibility to metabolic symptoms seen in some other atypical antipsychotics.

Electroencephalography ( EEG ) in one case was dominated by " wakefulness " and “ subwakefulness ” states alternating or intermingled with short (< 1 min ) atypical REM sleep phases, characterized by a loss of muscle atonia.

About 1 in 3000 people have an atypical form of pseudocholinesterase, which does not hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in a prolonged period of high levels of the anesthetic in the blood and increased toxicity.

The most common side-effects reported by at least 2 % of patients in controlled trials of sumatriptan ( 25, 50, and 100 mg tablets ) for migraine are atypical sensations ( paresthesias and warm / cold sensations ) reported by 4 % in the placebo group and 5-6 % in the sumatriptan groups, pain and other pressure sensations ( including chest pain ) reported by 4 % in the placebo group and 6-8 % in the sumatriptan groups, neurological events ( vertigo ) reported by less than 1 % in the placebo group and less than 1 % to 2 % in the sumatriptan groups.

Yet large scale battles such as Long Tan were atypical of the Australian experience and although 1 ATF invariably inflicted heavy casualties on the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese when they did encounter them in large numbers, such actions may have been less important than extensive dispersed patrolling to separate the Viet Cong from the population and maintain constant pressure on them, coupled with pacification operations designed to extend South Vietnamese government control.

This was in comparison to an atypical PC for US $ 2000 ( which required MS-DOS, and another $ 99 for Windows 1. 0 ) or the venerable Mac 512K Enhanced also $ 2000.

The " unnatural " of Romans 1: 26 is a mistranslation of Paul's popular usage of the otherwise technical Stoic Greek term para physin, which, without ethical implications, should read " atypical " or " non-standard.

If the diagnostic criteria for F84. 0 ( childhood autism ), F84. 1 ( atypical autism ) or F84. 2 ( Rett's syndrome ) are met, that condition should be diagnosed instead.

The atypical predator / prey ratio ( 3: 1 ) represented at the quarry may be explained by pack hunting tendencies of Allosaurus.

* Genus Catamenia – atypical seedeaters ( 3 species )

Multisystem developmental disorder ( MSDD ) is a term used by Stanley Greenspan to describe children under age 3 who exhibit signs of impaired communication as in autism, but with strong emotional attachments atypical of autism.

They were also relatively slow to erect, due to the limitations of the lime mortar used during the period – a keep's walls could usually only be raised by a maximum of 12 feet ( 3. 6 metres ) a year, the keep at Scarborough was not atypical in taking ten years to build.

In a 2008 review of the latter two categories, atypical and anaplastic-meningioma cases, the mean overall survival for atypical meningiomas was found to be 11. 9 years vs. 3. 3 years for anaplastic meningiomas.

Betahistine is being studied for the treatment of atypical depression at dosages from 50 – 300 mg / day due to its ability to antagonise H < sub > 3 </ sub > receptors and thus increase the release of serotonin and norepinephrine from nerve endings into the synaptic cleft.

* PRATH: A FP7 funded research project for the development of the orphan drug MUBODINA ( orphan designation EU / 3 / 08 / 571 ) as a treatment for the atypical Hemolytic-uremic syndrome.