With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

Contemporary portrait of Afonso V of Portugal, as depicted in the Itinerarium of Georg von Ehingen ( printed 1600, Augsburg, but based on earlier image c. 1470 )

" Twelfth Night ( c. 1600 ) Act II Scene III

File: Marten de Vos 001. jpg | Painting by Marten de Vos, c. 1600

File: British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035. jpg | Room 51-Mold gold cape, North Wales, Bronze Age, c. 1900 – 1600 BC ( one of the finest examples of prehistoric sheet-gold working )

The Xia Dynasty of China ( from c. 2100 to c. 1600 BC ) is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian and Bamboo Annals.

Archaeological findings providing evidence for the existence of the Shang Dynasty, c. 1600 – 1046 BC, are divided into two sets.

The adoption of massed cavalry in China also broke the tradition of the chariot-riding Chinese aristocracy in battle, which had been in use since the ancient Shang Dynasty ( c. 1600 BC-1050 BC ).

The term affinity has been used figuratively since c. 1600 in discussions of structural relationships in chemistry, philology, etc., and reference to " natural attraction " is from 1616.

Other known maps of the ancient world include the Minoan " House of the Admiral " wall painting from c. 1600 BCE, showing a seaside community in an oblique perspective and an engraved map of the holy Babylonian city of Nippur, from the Kassite period ( 14th12th centuries BCE ).

Elizabeth I being carried in a procession, c. 1600

The " Rainbow Portrait ", c. 1600, an allegorical representation of the Queen, become ageless in her old age

The Edwin Smith Papyrus is regarded as a copy of several earlier works and was written c. 1600 BC.

The Amorite dynasty of Isin persisted until c. 1600 BC, when southern Mesopotamia was united under Kassite Babylonian rule.

Administering the Last Rites ( Dutch School ( painting ) | Dutch School, c. 1600 ).

* Breslau, Silesia, Germany map c 1600

Babylonian clay tablet YBC 7289 ( c. 1800 – 1600 BC ) with annotations.

Other instruments associated with Paganini include the Antonio Amati 1600, the Nicolò Amati 1657, the Paganini-Desaint 1680 Stradivari, the Guarneri-filius Andrea 1706, the Le Brun 1712 Stradivari, the Vuillaume c. 1720 Bergonzi, the Hubay 1726 Stradivari, and the Comte Cozio di Salabue 1727 violins ; the Countess of Flanders 1582 da Salò-di Bertolotti, and the Mendelssohn 1731 Stradivari violas ; the Piatti 1700 Goffriller, the Stanlein 1707 Stradivari, and the Ladenburg 1736 Stradivari cellos ; and the Grobert of Mirecourt 1820 ( guitar ).

First attested in English c. 1600, the word " navy " came via Old French navie, " fleet of ships ", from the Latin navigium, " a vessel, a ship, bark, boat ", from navis, " ship " and from Sanskrit " न ा व " ( Nav ), " ship ".

In William Shakespeare's play King Lear ( c. 1600 ), when the King learns that his daughter Regan has publicly dishonoured him, he says They could not, would not do't ; ' tis worse than murder: a conventional attitude at that time.

Zebra in English dates back to c. 1600, from Italian Zebra, perhaps from Portuguese, which in turn is said to be Congolese ( as stated in the Oxford English Dictionary ).

** Cornelis Corneliszoon, Dutch inventor of the sawmill ( d. c. 1600 )

* September 27 – Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino saint ( b. c. 1600 )

** Maren Spliid, Danish alleged witch ( b. c. 1600 ) ( executed )

is first attested c. 1600.

This would make it a language family about as old as Indo-European ( 4000 to 7, 000 BC according to several hypotheses cited in Mallory 1997: 106 ) but considerably younger than Afroasiatic ( c. 10, 000 BC according to Diakonoff 1988: 33n, 11, 000 to 16, 000 BC according to Ehret 2002: 35 – 36 ).

Before that time, at the peak of the last ice age ( c. 16, 000 BC ) sea levels everywhere were 130 metres lower, and there were large well-watered coastal plains instead of much of the northern Aegean.

The present coastal arrangement appeared c. 7000 BC, with post-ice age sea levels continuing to rise for another 3, 000 years after that.

The Dying Gaul c. 230 BC, a Roman copy of a Greek statue commemorating the victory over the Celtic Galatia ns in Anatolia.

Map of ancient Egypt, showing major cities and sites of the Dynastic period ( c. 3150 BC to 30 BC )

** Xun Zi ( c. 312 BC – 230 BC )

** Gongsun Long ( c. 325 BC – c. 250 BC )

** Sunzi ( c. 500 BC )

: Anaximenes of Miletus ( c. 585-c. 525 BC )