With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

* John Brown ( fugitive slave ) ( c. 1810 – 1876 ), writer of Slave Life in Georgia: A Narrative of the Life, Sufferings and Escape of John Brown published in London, UK 1855

According to his The New York Times obituary published on April 3, 1872, Morse received respectively the decoration of the Atiq Nishan-i-Iftikhar ( English: Order of Glory ) medal on wearer's right depicted in photo of Morse with medals, set in diamonds, from the Sultan Ahmad I ibn Mustafa of Turkey ( c. 1847 ), a golden snuff box containing the Prussian gold medal for scientific merit from the King of Prussia ( 1851 ); the Great Gold Medal of Arts and Sciences from the King of Württemberg ( 1852 ); and the Great Golden Medal of Science and Arts from Emperor of Austria ( 1855 ); a cross of Chevalier in the Légion d ' honneur from the Emperor of France ; the Cross of a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog from the King of Denmark ( 1856 ); the Cross of Knight Commander of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, from the Queen of Spain, besides being elected member of innumerable scientific and art societies in this States and other countries.

Susan B. Anthony c. 1855

* November 11 – Ned Kelly, Australian bush ranger ( hanged ) ( b. c. 1855 )

A building boom took place c. 1855 – 65.

* School, Trefnant, Denbighshire ( c. 1855 )

* Parsonage, Trefnant, Denbighshire ( c. 1855 )

* Parsonage, St. Mary's, Stoke Newington, London ( c. 1855 )

These include: Potter's Tavern, said to have been built in the 1750s, but restored to its appearance in 1776 when it was home to The Plain Dealer, considered New Jersey's first newspaper ; Brearley ( Masonic ) Lodge, founded by General James Giles in 1795, and still active ; the so-called " Nail House " ( c. 1815 ; second build c. 1855 ), administrative home of the Cumberland Nail & Iron Works that established Bridgeton's industrial prowess in the early nineteenth century ; the first Cumberland National Bank building ( 1816 ), only the second bank chartered in New Jersey ( now part of the Bridgeton Library ); and the David Sheppard House ( 1791 ), recently restored with assistance from the Garden State Historic Trust and home to the Cousteau Coastal Center of Rutgers University since 2008.

Woman's muslin dress, Europe, c. 1855.

Lynch around age 20, c. 1855

Photo: Roger Fenton c. 1855.

Minstrel show performers Rollin Howard ( in wench costume ) and George Griffin, c. 1855

* The Ecclesiastical Courts Act 1855 ( 18 & 19 Vict c 41 )

* The Cinque Ports Act 1855 ( 18 & 19 Vict c 48 )

Knute Nelson, age 12, and his mother Ingebjørg Haldorsdatter Grotland, c. 1855.

Storming of Palace Hill at the Battle of Monterey by Tompkins Harrison Matteson, c. 1855

33 ( c. 1855 )

File: Frederic Edwin Church, The Andes of Ecuador, c. 1855, HAA. jpg | The Andes of Ecuador, c. 1855, Reynolda House Museum of American Art, Winston-Salem, NC

* John Saxton Campbell ( c. 1787 – 1855 ), seigneur and businessman in Lower Canada

This would make it a language family about as old as Indo-European ( 4000 to 7, 000 BC according to several hypotheses cited in Mallory 1997: 106 ) but considerably younger than Afroasiatic ( c. 10, 000 BC according to Diakonoff 1988: 33n, 11, 000 to 16, 000 BC according to Ehret 2002: 35 – 36 ).

Before that time, at the peak of the last ice age ( c. 16, 000 BC ) sea levels everywhere were 130 metres lower, and there were large well-watered coastal plains instead of much of the northern Aegean.

The present coastal arrangement appeared c. 7000 BC, with post-ice age sea levels continuing to rise for another 3, 000 years after that.

The Dying Gaul c. 230 BC, a Roman copy of a Greek statue commemorating the victory over the Celtic Galatia ns in Anatolia.

Map of ancient Egypt, showing major cities and sites of the Dynastic period ( c. 3150 BC to 30 BC )

** Xun Zi ( c. 312 BC – 230 BC )

** Gongsun Long ( c. 325 BC – c. 250 BC )

** Sunzi ( c. 500 BC )

: Anaximenes of Miletus ( c. 585-c. 525 BC )

The first record of the name Israel ( as ) occurs in the Merneptah stele, erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, " Israel is laid waste and his seed is not.

House of Israel welcomed by Pharaoh, watercolor by James Tissot ( c. 1900 )

The first record of the name Israel occurs in the Merneptah stele, erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, " Israel is laid waste and his seed is not.

The earliest instance where pr -` 3 is used specifically to address the ruler is in a letter to Amenhotep IV ( Akhenaten ), who reigned c. 1353-1336 BC, which is addressed to ' Pharaoh, all life, prosperity, and health !.

* c. 2004 BC: Pharaoh Mentuhotep II, Eleventh dynasty of Egypt dies.

* c. 1334 BC: Tutankhaten becomes Pharaoh of Egypt and marries Ankhesenpaaten, daughter and wife of his predecessor Akhenaton.

* Hatshepsut, first female Pharaoh of Egypt c. 1473 B. C.

* Merneferre Ay, Pharaoh of Egypt, r. c. 1714 – 1691 BC

* Merhotepre Ini, Pharaoh of Egypt, r. c. 1691 – 1689 BC

* Thutmose II of Egypt, Pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Egypt ( c. 1493 BC – c. 1479 BC ).

* c. 1880 BC: Pharaoh Senwosret II starts to rule ( other date is 1897 BC ).

* c. 1874 BC: Pharaoh Senwosret II dies ( other date is 1878 BC ).

* c. 1874 BC: Pharaoh Senwosret III starts to rule ( other date is 1878 BC ).

* c. 2184 BC: Pharaoh Pepi II Neferkare dies ( other date is 2289 BC?

* c. 2278 BC: Pharaoh Pepi II starts to rule ( other date is 2383 BC ).

* c. 1390 BC — Pharaoh Amenhotep III ( 18th dynasty ) starts to rule.

* c. 2589 BC: Pharaoh Khufu starts to rule ( other date is 2601 BC ).

* c. 2575 BC: Old Kingdom in Egypt 4th Dynasty Snofru is Pharaoh.

* c. 2566 BC: Pharaoh Khufu dies ( other date is 2578 BC ).

* c. 2558 BC: Pharaoh Khafra starts to rule ( other date is 2570 BC ).

* c. 2532 BC: Pharaoh Khafra dies ( other date is 2544 BC ).

* c. 2532 BC: Pharaoh Menkaura starts to rule ( other date is 2533 BC ).

* c. 2503 BC: Pharaoh Menkaura dies ( other date is 2515 BC ).