With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

In Romans 8: 1 it reads Ιησου ( as א, B, G, 1739, 1881, it < sup > d, g </ sup >, cop < sup > sa, bo </ sup >, eth ); corrector b changed it into Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν ( as A, Ψ, 81, 629, 2127, vg ); corrector c changed it into Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα ( as א < sup > c </ sup >, K, P, 33, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, ( 436 omit μη ), 456, 614, 630, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect ).

This would make it a language family about as old as Indo-European ( 4000 to 7, 000 BC according to several hypotheses cited in Mallory 1997: 106 ) but considerably younger than Afroasiatic ( c. 10, 000 BC according to Diakonoff 1988: 33n, 11, 000 to 16, 000 BC according to Ehret 2002: 35 – 36 ).

Before that time, at the peak of the last ice age ( c. 16, 000 BC ) sea levels everywhere were 130 metres lower, and there were large well-watered coastal plains instead of much of the northern Aegean.

The present coastal arrangement appeared c. 7000 BC, with post-ice age sea levels continuing to rise for another 3, 000 years after that.

The Dying Gaul c. 230 BC, a Roman copy of a Greek statue commemorating the victory over the Celtic Galatia ns in Anatolia.

Map of ancient Egypt, showing major cities and sites of the Dynastic period ( c. 3150 BC to 30 BC )

** Xun Zi ( c. 312 BC – 230 BC )

** Gongsun Long ( c. 325 BC – c. 250 BC )

** Sunzi ( c. 500 BC )

: Anaximenes of Miletus ( c. 585-c. 525 BC )

, or, or ) ( c. 257 – c. 331 ) is the patron saint and first official head of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

* Mesrop Mashtots, ( c. 361 – c. 440 ), Armenian monk, theologian and inventor of the Armenian alphabet

* Armenian alphabet created by Mesrob Mashtots c. 405

* Sempad of Armenia, king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia ( d. c. 1310 )

* Toros Roslin, Armenian miniaturist ( approximate date ; b. c. 1210 )

* Tigranes the Great, Armenian Emperor ( b. c. 140 BC )

#" De Providentia ," preserved only in Armenian, and printed from Aucher's Latin translation in the editions of Richter and others ( on Greek fragments of the work see Schürer, l. c.

According to Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi writing in c. 482 AD, Tigranes captured Jerusalem and deported Hyrcanus to Armenia, however most scholars deem this account to be incorrect.

Orthographies with a high grapheme-to-phoneme correspondence ( excluding exceptions due to loan words and assimilation ) include those of Finnish, Albanian, Georgian, Turkish ( apart from ğ and various palatal and vowel allophones ), Serbo-Croatian ( Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian ), Bulgarian, Macedonian ( if the apostrophe is counted, though slight inconsistencies may be found ), Eastern Armenian ( apart from o, v ), Basque ( apart from palatalized l, n ), Haitian Creole, Castilian Spanish ( apart from h, x, b / v, and sometimes k, c, g, j, z ), Czech ( apart from ě, ů, y, ý ), Polish ( apart from ó, h, rz ), Romanian ( apart from distinguishing semivowels from vowels ), Ukrainian ( mainly phonemic with some other historical / morphological rules, as well as palatalization ), Swahili ( missing aspirated consonants, which do not occur in all varieties and are sparsely used anyways ), Mongolian ( apart from letters representing multiple sounds depending on front or back vowels, the soft and hard sign, silent letters to indicate / ŋ / from / n / and voiced versus voiceless consonants ) Azerbaijani ( apart from k ), and Kazakh ( apart from и, у, х, щ, ю ).

* Isabella of Armenia ( died c. 1252 ), ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1219 to 1252, married to Hetoum I

Leo II or Leon II ( occasionally numbered Leo III ;, Levon II ; c. 1236 – 1289 ) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1269 / 1270 to 1289.

Thoros III or Toros III (; c. 1271 – 23 July 1298 ) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1293 to 1298.

Sempad, Smpad, Sambat, or Smbat (); 1277 – c. 1310 ) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1296 to 1298.

Constantine I ( also called Constantine III ;, Western Armenian transliteration: Gosdantin or Kostantine ; 1278 – c. 1310 ) was briefly king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1298 to 1299.

Ruben II (), also Roupen II or Rupen II, ( c. 1165 – Hromgla, 1170 ) was the seventh lord of Armenian Cilicia or “ Lord of the Mountains ” ( 1169 – 1170 ).

Some 19-20th c. publications describe the citizens of several Tat-speaking village of South Caucasus as Armenian Tats, Armeno-Tats, Christian Tats or Gregorian Tats.

* Classical Armenian ( oldest attested form of Armenian from the 5th c. and literary language until the 18th c .)

* November 18 – Basilius Bessarion, titular patriarch of Constantinople ( b. c. 1403 )

* Methodios I of Constantinople ( c. 790-847 ), patriarch of Constantinople

Macedonius II ( died c. 517 ), patriarch of Constantinople ( 495 – 511 ).

Basil of Caesarea ( c. 330-379 ), the patriarch of the Eastern monks who became Bishop of Caesarea, established a complex around the church and monastery that included hostels, almshouses, and hospitals for infectious diseases.

* Theophilus of Antioch — ( c. 163 – 182 ), early Christian patriarch

He was back in Amida at the start of the furious persecution directed against the Monophysites by Ephrem, patriarch of Antioch, and Abraham ( bishop of Amida c. 520-541 ).

* Maximos II Hakim ( c. 1689-1761 ), patriarch of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 1760 to 1761

* Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( born c. 1908 in Hadhramaut ) the family patriarch ; before World War I, Mohammed, originally poor and uneducated, emigrated from Hadhramaut, on the south coast of Yemen, to the Red Sea port of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, where he began to work as a porter.

* Francesco Franceschi ( d. c. 1599 ), engraver and patriarch of the Franceschi printing family