The Dãy Trường Sơn ( Annamite Range ) originates in the Tibetan and Yunnan regions of southwest China and forms Vietnam's border with Laos.

South Vietnam's Law 10 / 59, approved in May 1959, authorized the death penalty for crimes " against the security of the state " and featured prominently in Viet Cong propaganda.

In 2005, it accounted for around 24 % of Vietnam's budget ( 42, 000 billion dong ) of a total of 180, 000 billion dong ( exchange rate is 16, 000 dong / dollar ), ranking second, after Hồ Chí Minh City before Hanoi ( 28, 000 billion dong in 2005 ).

In North Vietnam's Easter Offensive of 1972, the Communist Politburo / General Vo Nguyen Giap planned simultaneous attacks to capture as much territory as possible and to defeat the US-supported South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam ( ARVN ).

Two battalions of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam's ( ARVN ) 1st Division ( the 2 / 1st and 4 / 1st ) had been temporarily assigned to the 3rd Brigade in support.

AmCham Vietnam's charter was approved by the Board of Governors in 1998 and was officially licensed by the People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City on September 19, 1998 under the provisions of The Degree of the Government Promulgating the Regulations on the Establishment of Foreign Business Association in Vietnam, Decree No. 8 / 1998 / ND-CP, 22 Jan 98.

Following independence from China in the 10th century, Vietnam began a southward expansion that saw the annexation of territories formerly belonging to the Champa civilization ( now Central Vietnam ) and parts of the Khmer empire ( today southern Vietnam ), which resulted in minor regional variances in Vietnam's culture due to exposure to these different groups.

Vietnamese academic and journalist Doan Viet Hoat was nicknamed " the Sakharov of Vietnam " for his criticism of Vietnam's communist leadership and his subsequent imprisonment.

" When Congress, in the summer of 1973, legislated an end to U. S. military action in, over, or off the shores of Indochina, the only U. S. military activity then going on was air support of a friendly Cambodian government and army desperately defending their country against a North Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge onslaught ... What destabilized Cambodia was North Vietnam's occupation of chunks of Cambodian territory from 1965 onwards for use as military bases from which to launch attacks on U. S. and South Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam.

This was due to North Vietnam's support of " uprisings " in the south and concern the nation would fall.

Despite being a superpower and having a superior arsenal of weapons at its disposal, the United States was unable to make substantial gains against North Vietnam's proxy guerilla army in South Vietnam, the Viet Cong.

Of particular significance was Vietnam's acceptance into ASEAN in July 1995.

Madame Nhu, the wife of Diệm's younger brother Nhu, was South Vietnam's de facto First Lady, and a Catholic convert herself.

South Vietnam's origins can be traced to the French colony of Cochinchina, which consisted of the southern third of Vietnam and was a subdivision of French Indochina.

* Mạc Đĩnh Chi Cemetery-Located in the heart of former Saigon, Mac Dinh Chi was South Vietnam's most prestigious French colonial cemetery reserved for celebrities, politicians and the upper class.

Nguyễn Hữu Xuyên was assigned military command in the South, replacing Lê Duẩn, who was appointed North Vietnam's acting party boss.

In the cases of both Laos and Cambodia, the adoption of communism was directly attributable to the Vietnam War, which had spread over the borders of Vietnam into these countries, and to Vietnam's political regional ambitions, which included directly organizing communist parties in both countries.

Lê Đức Thọ's mission was to ensure that Khmer nationalism would not override Vietnam's interests in Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge was overthrown.

In general, Pham Van Dong was considered a staunch communist and a great nationalist leader ; one of the most faithful disciples of Ho Chi Minh and a major figure in Vietnam's fight for independence and unity.

Ngô Ðình Nhu (; 7 October 1910 – 2 November 1963 ) was the younger brother and chief political advisor of South Vietnam's first president, Ngô Ðình Diệm.

Vietnam's peculiar geography made it a difficult country to attack, which is why Vietnam under Hùng Vương was for so long an independent and self-contained state.

The Việt Minh Front was supposed to be an umbrella group for all parties fighting for Vietnam's independence, but was dominated by the Communist Party.

In February and March 1979, China retaliated against Vietnam's incursion into Cambodia by launching a limited invasion of Vietnam, but the Chinese foray was quickly rebuffed.

China was displeased with Vietnam's alliance with the Soviet Union.

Mistreatment of Viet Cong and North Vietnamese prisoners and South Vietnamese dissidents in South Vietnam's prisons was indeed frequent, as was North Vietnamese treatment of South Vietnamese prisoners and their own dissidents.

BA 604 was the main logistical center during the Vietnam War ; from there, the coordination and distribution of men and supplies into South Vietnam's Military Region I and BAs further south was accomplished.

In any case, the new general secretary won Hanoi's endorsement by acknowledging Vietnam's role as senior partner in the Cambodian-Vietnamese relationship.

Credited as the author of the reforms known as Đổi Mới, which have transformed Vietnam's economy, he was a rarity among senior officials in speaking out publicly against the failings of the communist system.

The Pathet Lao were the Laotian equivalent of North Vietnam's Vietnam People's Army, South Vietnam's Viet Minh and later Viet Cong, and Cambodia's Khmer Rouge.

Typically, on the streets of Vietnam's capital of Hanoi a small bag containing enough tobacco for 5 to 8 " hits " retails at 2500 Vietnamese đồng, which is equivalent to about 15 US cents.

* Cheng, Eva ; " Vietnam's Agent Orange victims call for solidarity ", Green Left Weekly, September 28, 2005

The native Montagnards of Vietnam's Central Highlands were also known to have used crossbows, as both a tool for hunting, and later, an effective weapon against the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.

* 1967 – Vietnam War: US Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U. S. Congress for peace initiatives are futile because of North Vietnam's opposition

On the 2006 visit Chavez praised Vietnam's revolutionary history as he attacked the United States for its " imperialist " crimes in the Vietnam War.

Some cultures associate divinity with whales, such as among Ghanaians and Vietnamese, who occasionally hold funerals for beached whales, a throwback to Vietnam's ancient sea-based Austro-Asiatic culture.

** Vietnam War: U. S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U. S. Congress for peace initiatives are futile, because of North Vietnam's opposition.

Later reports raised estimated costs to US $ 56 billion ( almost 60 percent of Vietnam's GDP in 2009 ) for a completion date in the mid-2030s.

On June 19, 2010, after a month of deliberation, Vietnam's National Assembly rejected the high speed rail proposal due to its high cost ; National Assembly deputies had asked for further study of the project.

Route map for Vietnam's National Route 1A ( Vietnam ) | National Route 1A.

He became assertive in pushing personalism as a guiding ideology for Vietnam's social development.

The United States, in addition to citing Vietnam's minimal cooperation in accounting for Americans who were missing in action ( MIAs ) as an obstacle to normal relations, barred normal ties as long as Vietnamese troops occupied Cambodia.

In addition, the Vietnamese government has steadily displaced thousands of villagers from Vietnam's central highlands, to use the fertile land for coffee plantations.

In addition, the new socialist Vietnamese government has steadily displaced thousands of villagers from Vietnam's central highlands, to use the fertile land for coffee plantations.

He announced his plans for Vietnam's future as an industrialised country, to be completed by 2020.

History shows that Hạ Long Bay was the setting for local naval battles against Vietnam's coastal neighbors.

The four objectives of the operation ( which evolved over time ) were to boost the sagging morale of the Saigon regime in the Republic of Vietnam, to persuade North Vietnam to cease its support for the communist insurgency in South Vietnam without actually taking any ground forces into communist North Vietnam, to destroy North Vietnam's transportation system, industrial base, and air defenses, and to cease the flow of men and material into South Vietnam.