* nautae ( genitive ) " the sailor's / of sailor " ( e. g. nomen nautae Claudius est the sailor's name is Claudius )

: nautae Parisiaci /

The Lyonnais company of boatmen ( nautae ) was the largest and " most honored " in Gaul.

An inscription from the island of Cos, dated to the First Mithridatic War, provides us with a list of a ship's officers, the nautae: the gubernator ( kybernētēs in Greek ) was the helmsman or pilot, the celeusta ( keleustēs in Greek ) supervised the rowers, a proreta ( prōreus in Greek ) was the look-out stationed at the bow, a pentacontarchos was apparently a junior officer, and an iatros ( Lat.

Most modern English grammarians no longer use the Latin accusative / dative model, though they tend to use the terms objective for oblique, subjective for nominative, and possessive for genitive ( see Declension in English ).

It is inflected as follows: vocative: / ; accusative: / ; genitive: / ; dative: / )

Other Semitic languages like Arabic and Aramaic have the prepositions bi / bə and li / lə ( locative and dative, respectively ).

Phosphorus atoms can bind three oxygen atoms with single bonds and a fourth oxygen atom using a double / dative bond.

There are a large number of cases: absolutive (- Ø ), ergative (- e ), genitive (-( a ) k ), dative / allative (" to, for ") (- r ( a ) for human nouns ,-e for non-human nouns ), locative (" in, at ") (- a, only with non-human nouns ), comitative (- da ), equative (" as, like ") (- gin ), directive / adverbial (" towards ") (- š ( e )), ablative (" from ") (- ta, only with non-human nouns ).

The case markers are /- Ø / ( absolutive ), /- e / ( ergative ), /- e / ( allative = " to "), /- ak / ( genitive ), /- gin / ( equative = " as, like "), /- r ( a )/ ( dative

The exact interpretation of the inscription is debated, but the phrase " to Luguei " ( where the theonym appears in the dative singular following the preposition to " to, for ", thus " to / for Lugus ") clearly indicates a dedication to the god Lugus.

This river's name is recorded in Anglo-Saxon times as Humbre ( Anglo-Saxon ) and Humbri ( Vulgar Latin dative ) / Umbri ( Classical Latin dative ).

Flora itself is the accusative / dative case form of “ Flore ” ( Old Norse Flóri ), from which the names Florø and Florelandet are derived.

The cases are the nominative ( Nominativ / Werfall ), genitive ( Genitiv / Wesfall ), dative ( Dativ / Wemfall ), and accusative ( Akkusativ / Wenfall ).

Thou is the nominative form ; the oblique / objective form is thee ( functioning as both accusative and dative ), and the possessive is thy or thine.

In general, the dative marks the indirect object of a verb, although in some instances the dative is used for the direct object of a verb pertaining directly to an act of giving something.

In Russian and Swiss German, for example, the verb " to call ( by telephone )" is always followed by a noun in the dative.

Under the influence of English, which uses the preposition " to " for both indirect objects ( give to ) and directions of movement ( go to ), the term " dative " has sometimes been used to describe cases that in other languages would more appropriately be called lative.

The Old English language, current until approximately sometime after the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, had a dative case ; however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when in pronouns the accusative and dative merged into a single oblique case that was also used for all prepositions.

This conflation of case in Middle and Modern English has led most modern grammarians to discard the " accusative " and " dative " labels as obsolete, often using the term " objective " for oblique.

Likewise, " him " is a remnant of both the Old English dative " him " and accusative " hine ", " her " serves for both Old English dative " hire " and accusative " hīe ", etc.

In addition, those German prepositions that require the genitive in formal language, tend to be used with the dative in contemporary colloquial German ; for example, " because of the weather " is often expressed as " wegen dem Wetter " instead of the formally correct " wegen des Wetters ".

In simple chemistry, as per valence bond theory, the carbon atom must follow the " 4-hydrogen rule ", which states that the maximum number of atoms available to bond with carbon is equal to the number of electrons that are attracted into the outer shell of carbon. In terms of shells, carbon consists of an incomplete outer shell, which comprises 4 electrons, and thus has 4 electrons available for covalent or dative bonding.

Generally, when the term subjective case is used, the term objective is used for the oblique case, which covers the roles of accusative, dative, and objects of a preposition.

* Use of possessive dative for personal pronouns and nouns, as in, etc.

Thus in this example, the ergative is promoted to the absolutive, and the agent ( i. e. him ), which was formerly marked by the absolutive, is deleted to form the antipassive voice ( or is marked in a different way, in the same way that in the English passive voice can still be specified as the agent of the action using by him in I was hugged by him — for example, Dyirbal puts the agent in the dative case, and Basque retains the agent in the absolutive ).

In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object ( but this morphological alignment is not unique ; see below ).

The dative plural of Attic-Ionic had-oisi, which appears in early Attic but simplifies to-ois in later ": anthropois " to or for the men ".

In general, the dative is used to mark the indirect object of a German sentence.

In this sentence, Freund would seem to be the indirect object, but, because it follows an ( direction ), the accusative is required, not the dative.

* ( dative ) " to man " an indirect object ( e. g., I gave a present to the man ; Man is a wolf to man.

The loss of the dative led to a rise of prepositional indirect objects ( and the use of the genitive to directly mark these as well ).

* The dative case indicates the indirect object of a verb: The clerk gave us a discount.

In Latin and many other languages, the direct object is marked by the accusative case, while the indirect object is typically marked by the dative case.

Modern English preserves a case distinction for pronouns, but it has conflated the accusative and dative into a single oblique case, the object pronouns him, her, me, etc., which may function either as direct or indirect objects.

* in a dative role for an indirect object:

* the dative case: used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence, for example: Da mi ił libier " Give me that book ", Da mi łu " Give it to me ".

Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject ( nominative ), a direct object ( accusative ), an indirect object ( dative ), or a reflexive object.

For example, in Latin, most transitive verbs require their direct object to appear in the accusative case, while the dative case is reserved for indirect objects.

# dative ( used of the indirect object of the verb, often represented by the English " to " or " for "),

For the use of a personal pronoun as indirect object ( to someone, to something ), also called dative case, the standard Italian makes use of a construction preposition + pronoun a me ( to me ), or it makes use of a synthetic pronoun form, mi ( to me ).

The Tuscan dialect makes use of both in the same sentence as a kind of intensification of the dative / indirect object:

A sentence is also said to be in dative construction if the subject and the object ( direct or indirect ) can switch their cases for a given verb, without altering the verb's structure ( subject becoming the new object, and the object becoming the new subject ).

* In the present and future sub-series, the subject is in the nominative case and both the direct and indirect objects are in the dative case.

* It introduces indirect objects that Latin would have marked with the dative case:

Observe that for direct and indirect objects, when they are preceded by the preposition a the pronoun will be in the prepositional case instead of in the accusative or dative.