The Muscovy Company claimed Bear Island for the English Crown in 1609, but abandoned the site when walrus-hunting declined.

From this collection came a new set of regalia, including eventually the Great Imperial Crown, to replace the Crown of Monomakh and other crowns used by earlier Russian Tsars and Grand Princes of Muscovy, as a symbol of the adoption of the new title of Emperor ( 1721 ).

The King was depicted with the " Muscovy Crown " on his head and the " Swedish Crown " put on a pillow next to him.

All of the original crown regalia were looted by the Germans ( except for the " Muscovy Crown ") in 1795 after the Third Partition of the Commonwealth and destroyed on the order of Frederick William III of Prussia in March 1809 ( except for the Szczerbiec ).

Its commercial importance further increased in 1554 when the Muscovy Company made it a center of its operations in furs.

After this he aided both with information and advice the Muscovy Company expedition of Hugh Willoughby and Richard Chancellor, was made life-governor of the " Company of Merchant Adventurers ", and equipped ( 1557 ) the expedition of Steven Borough.

The war with Muscovy ended in December 1408, on terms which made further conflict with the Teutonic Order inevitable, despite Hermann II of Celje's attempt to negotiate a solution.

Tonbridge School was founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judd, who made a fortune in the Muscovy fur trade during the 16th century.

This discovery was shown on the Muscovy Company's map ( 1625 ; but based on discoveries made in and prior to 1622 ), with the island labeled as Sir Thomas Smyth's Iland.

A French version of the Beschreibung was published by Abraham de Wicquefort ( Voyages en Moscovie, Tartarie et Perse, par Adam Olearius, Paris, 1656 ), an English version was made by John Davies of Kidwelly ( Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederic, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, London, 1662 ; and 1669 ), and a Dutch translation by Dieterius van Wageningen ( Beschrijvingh van de nieuwe Parciaensche ofte Orientaelsche Reyse, Utrecht, 1651 ); an Italian translation of the Russian sections also appeared ( Viaggi di Moscovia, Viterbo and Rome, 1658 ).

The Crimean Khanate also made alliances with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Zaporizhian Sich and Muscovy.

Mamuq made an appearance of turning back, but when the Muscovy troops left Kazan, Mamuq quickly returned.

Category: Western writers about Muscovy

Herberstein wrote about Muscovy ( region based on Moscow ) because that is what it was known as in the West then.

Writing about the Russian Tsar, Herberstein wrote that " in the power he holds over his people the ruler of Muscovy surpasses all the monarchs of the world.

Category: History books about Muscovy

With the help of Michael Lok, the Muscovy Company's director, Frobisher was able to raise enough capital for three barks: the Gabriel and Michael, of about 20-25 tons each and an unnamed pinnace of ten tons, with a total crew of 35.

Several years after his death, a diplomatic mission from Muscovy demanded that publications about Władysław's victories in the Smolensk War of 1633 – 1634 be collected and burned.

Category: Western writers about Muscovy

In about 1479, he moved to Muscovy under protection of the grand duke Ivan III, who later banished Hayder to exile to Northern Muscovy ( for reasons that remain unknown ).

Since about the 16th century it was a part of provincial districts, that were called " uyezd " in Muscovy and later Russian Empire.

In the Eastern Orthodox world, the Gospel Book remained a primary focus for illumination, and Evangelist portraits, derived from contemporary Byzantine versions, are heavily represented among the earliest illuminations from the new Slav national traditions, such as the 11th century Ostromir Gospels and the Khitrovo Gospels of about 1390 from Muscovy.

Upon hearing about Epifany's learning, Russian Tsar Alexis invited him to correct the ecclesiastical books of Muscovy.

Category: Western writers about Muscovy

After Jonas Poole reported seeing a " great store of whales " off Spitsbergen in 1610, the Muscovy Company sent a whaling expedition to the island under command of Poole and Thomas Edge in 1611.

Encouraged by reports of whales off the coast of Spitsbergen in 1610, the English Muscovy Company sent a whaling expedition there the following year.

From 1610 to 1618 he was a prisoner in the hands of the Polish king, Sigismund III Vasa, whom he refused to acknowledge as tsar of Muscovy on being sent on an embassy to the Polish camp in 1610.

He took Pskov in 1610 and clashed with Swedes operating in Muscovy during the Ingrian War.

He died during the war with Muscovy in 1610.

In 1607 and 1608, the English Muscovy Company had sent him northward to look for a route over the North Pole or across the top of Russia.

After this Johan III held off on his pursuit for more land due to Muscovy obtaining lands that Sweden controlled.

Intermittently at war with Vasily III of Muscovy, starting in 1507 ( before his army was fully under his command ), 1514 marked the fall of Smolensk ( under Lithuanian domination ) to the Muscovite forces ( which lent force to his arguments for the necessity of a standing army ).

However, at that moment Muscovy was awfully weakened by tremendous losses suffered during the famous battle and thus in the same year Jogaila was free to begin a struggle for supremacy with Kęstutis.

Under Mongol occupation, for example, Muscovy developed its mestnichestvo hierarchy, postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.

The following year ( 1616 ), the Muscovy Company again hired Bylot to continue to search for the Northwest Passage.

Although Commonwealth forces were almost constantly shuffled between wars in the East ( with Muscovy ), north ( with Sweden ) and South ( with Ottomans – the Polish-Ottoman wars ), Sigismund took advantage of the civil war in Russia ( the Time of Troubles ) and secured temporary territorial gains for the Commonwealth.

From 1328 the Velikii Kniaz of Muscovy appeared as the grand duke for " all of Russia " until Ivan IV of Russia in 1547 was crowned as Tsar.

In 1576, Frobisher managed to convince the Muscovy Company, an English merchant consortium which had previously sent out several parties searching for the Northeast Passage, to license his expedition.

Nevertheless, Frobisher's backers, led by Michael Lok and the Muscovy Company used this assessment to lobby for investment for another voyage.

Weakened Muscovy temporarily ceded Smolensk land to the Commonwealth in the Truce of Deulino and for the next forty-three years it was the seat of Smolensk Voivodeship.

From 1328 the Velikii Kniaz of Muscovy appeared as the Grand Duke for " all of Russia " until Ivan IV of Russia in 1547 was crowned as tsar.

The most notable reform of Fyodor III, however, was the abolition in 1682, at the suggestion of Vasily Galitzine, the system of mestnichestvo, or " place priority ", which had paralyzed the whole civil and military administration of Muscovy for generations.

Dedication of a church to a military victory was " a major innovation " for Muscovy.

Khlynov was incorporated into Muscovy in 1489 and became known throughout Russia for its clay statuettes and whistles.

Muscovy also agreed to pay 20, 000 rubles in exchange for Wladyslaw's renunciation of all claims to the tsardom and return of the royal insignia, which were in the Commonwealth possession since the Dymitriads.

His emissaries scoured Muscovy and the Orient for precious Greek and Slavonic manuscripts, both sacred and profane.

In the period of Muscovy, a distinct line was formed between the sacred music of the Orthodox Church and that of secular music used for entertainment.

The Common Eider is both the largest of the four eider species and the largest duck found in Europe and in North America ( except for the Muscovy Duck which only reaches North America in a wild state in southernmost Texas ).

By the end of the fifteenth century, Novgorod's influence was waning and the area fell under the control of Muscovy and in 1499, they established, Pustozyorsk (, literally meaning deserted lakes ), and it became a military, commercial, cultural and administrative hub for the area.

This was a reaction against the practices of early transnational corporations ( for example: the British East India Company and Muscovy Company ), which were mostly unresponsive to local affairs and stewardship of resources.

Bohdan Khmelnytsky called here the " Council of Pereyaslav ", where the Ukrainian Cossacks had voted for a military alliance with Muscovy and accepted the Treaty of Pereyaslav.