Each of its three units was tailored to be able to calculate an optimal type of instructions with some redundancy.

3 ) Through direct sampling, estimate the genetic diversity of the captive bongo population and calculate its relatedness with the remaining isolated wild populations.

If the initial value of a polynomial ( and of its finite differences ) is calculated by some means for some value of X, the difference engine can calculate any number of nearby values, using the method generally known as the method of finite differences.

That is, the usual ways physicists calculate the probability that a particle will emit or absorb a graviton give nonsensical answers and the theory loses its predictive power.

One of its early tasks was the elaboration of daily orders which were phoned in every afternoon by the shops and used to calculate the overnight production requirements, assembly instructions, delivery schedules, invoices, costings, and management reports.

A special relativistic redshift formula ( and its classical approximation ) can be used to calculate the redshift of a nearby object when spacetime is flat.

* True cost accounting, a method of accounting which seeks to calculate the social, environmental, and economic costs and benefits of a product over its lifespan instead of focusing solely on the cost of its initial purchase.

Since is a probability density function for position, we calculate its standard deviation.

The free rank of the n-th homology group of a simplicial complex is equal to the n-th Betti number, so one can use the homology groups of a simplicial complex to calculate its Euler-Poincaré characteristic.

However, the digital circuit will calculate more repeatably, because of its high noise immunity.

Compilers implementing this technique realize that won't change, and as such, only calculate its value once.

The applied tools of the mathematics disciplines of Celestial mechanics or its subfield Orbital mechanics ( both predict orbital paths and positions ) about a center of gravity are used to generate an ephemeris ( plural: ephemerides ; from the Greek word ephemeros = daily ) which is a table of values that gives the positions of astronomical objects in the sky at a given time or times, or a formula to calculate such given the proper time offset from the epoch.

Viewing from another orbiting body, following its own trace and orbit, creates shifts in three dimensions in the spherical trigonometry used to calculate relative positions.

He also solved the problem posed by Mersenne of how to calculate the period of a pendulum made of an arbitrarily shaped swinging rigid body, discovering the center of oscillation and its reciprocal relationship with the pivot point.

Despite a possible conflict of interests, Maskelyne being an advocate of the lunar distance method of determining longitude, the Board of Longitude sent him to Barbados in 1763 to calculate the longitude of the capital, Bridgetown by observation of Jupiter's satellites, and also to test his lunar distance method and compare its accuracy to John Harrison's chronometer, the No. 4 timekeeper.

Archimedes had to solve the problem without damaging the crown, so he could not melt it down into a regularly shaped body in order to calculate its density.

# For the current node, consider all of its unvisited neighbors and calculate their tentative distances.

For such a function, we can calculate its Fourier series on any interval that includes the points where ƒ is not identically zero.

As the columns of the matrix of the frame are the components of its vectors, this allows also to calculate from the matrix of the frame and its derivative.

He used Hipparchus ' model to calculate the Sun's longitude, and made corrections for the Moon's motion and its parallax ( Evans 1998, pp. 251 – 255 ).

If a horizontal-plate sundial is portable and is made for the latitude in which it is being used, and if the user has a watch and the necessary information to calculate the local sundial time from its reading, the sundial can be used to find the directions of True North, South, etc.

synod where King Oswiu of Northumbria ruled that his kingdom would calculate Easter and observe the monastic tonsure according to the customs of Rome, rather than the customs practised by Iona and its satellite institutions.

The formula to calculate consumer credit scores by a credit reporting agency is proprietary and considered a trade secret of the agency in the United States.

The assumption that there is no arbitrage is used in quantitative finance to calculate a unique risk neutral price for derivatives.

A variety of measuring techniques and models may be used to calculate the risk incurred by a hedge fund's activities ; fund managers may use different models depending on their fund's structure and investment strategy.

If testing shows that parent is a CFTR gene mutation carrier, the other parent is tested to calculate the risk that their children will have CF.

To calculate the probability under the real (“ physical ”) probability measure, additional information is required — the drift term in the physical measure, or equivalently, the market price of risk.

When using models to calculate the ongoing exposure, FAS 157 requires that the entity consider the default risk (" nonperformance risk ") of the counterparty and make a necessary adjustment to its calculations.

Otherwise, the software would calculate a " risk score " and then print a code on the boarding pass indicating the appropriate " screening level " for that person: green ( no threat ) indicates no additional screening, yellow ( unknown or possible threat ) indicates additional screening, and red ( high risk ) indicates no boarding and deferral to law enforcement.

Modern computer-based ECG machines can easily calculate a corrected QT ( QTc ), but this correction may not aid in the detection of patients at increased risk of arrhythmia.

Many now though collect data on operational losses-for example through system failure or fraud-and are using this data to model operational risk and to calculate a capital reserve against future operational losses.

Population at Risk ( PaR ) can be used to quantify the risk of a flu pandemic and to calculate the improvement that a multiple vaccine offers.

When calculating the delta using a Monte Carlo method, the most straightforward way is the black-box technique consisting in doing a Monte Carlo on the original market data and another one on the changed market data, and calculate the risk by doing the difference.

In economics, Knightian uncertainty is risk that is immeasurable, not possible to calculate.

deCODEme claims that the DNA profile it provides can supply its customers with a basis from which they are able calculate the relative risk of developing these diseases and thereby enable them to make better informed decisions about prevention ( medical ) and treatment.

This price data is not only used in real time to make on-the-spot decisions about buying or selling, but historical market data ( see graph at right ) is also used to project pricing trends and to calculate market risk on portfolios of investments that may be held by an individual or an institutional investor.

A study of the hydrogen line profiles indicates that a measurement of these profiles can be used to calculate a temperature for the arc plasma that is reliable to about Af percent.

Sometimes it is necessary to roughly calculate the square inch area of the opening but the calculation can usually be made with sufficient accuracy that it won't affect the final computation.

From this and the force of deformation it should be possible to calculate the elastic energy of deformation which should be equal to the Af calculated from the pressure normal to the shearing face.

-- Recent theoretical work to calculate the dimensions of polymeric chains by Volkenstein and Lifson has been extended to include more general types of chains.

The International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( BIPM, France ), combines these measurements to retrospectively calculate the weighted average that forms the most stable time scale possible.

Computerized sources, on the other hand, are able to calculate the right ascension and declination of the " epoch of date " to the exact instant of observation.

This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus.

Only the product is required to calculate planetary positions for an ephemeris, which explains why ephemerides are calculated in astronomical units and not in SI units.

In recognition of her additions to Menabrea's paper, which included a way to calculate Bernoulli numbers using the machine, she has been described as the first computer programmer.

In 1910, Babbage's son Henry Prevost Babbage reported that a part of the mill and the printing apparatus had been constructed and had been used to calculate a ( faulty ) list of multiples of pi.

It is used to calculate income tax.

The absolute magnitude can be used to help calculate the apparent magnitude of a body under different conditions.

Originally based on the date used to calculate the age of fruit trees for tithing as mandated in Leviticus 19: 23 – 25, the holiday now is most often observed by planting trees, or raising money to plant trees.

Navigation systems calculate the position automatically and display it to the flight crew on moving map displays.

Older avionics required a pilot or navigator to plot the intersection of signals on a paper map to determine an aircraft's location ; modern systems calculate the position automatically and display it to the flight crew on moving map displays.

As on Flight 93, crew members and passengers now have to calculate the risks of passive cooperation, not only for themselves but also for those on the ground.

Abbe numbers are used to calculate the necessary focal lengths of achromatic doublet lenses to minimize chromatic aberration.

In 1738 The Dutch-Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli published Hydrodynamica, in which he described the fundamental relationship among pressure, density, and velocity ; in particular Bernoulli's principle, which is one method to calculate aerodynamic lift.

When the particles are in great motion, they produce a Doppler shift for measuring wind speed in the laser light, which is used to calculate the speed of the particles, and therefore the air around the anemometer.

In baseball, an at bat ( AB ) or time at bat is used to calculate certain statistics, including batting average, on base percentage, and slugging percentage.

This expression allowed Einstein to calculate the moments directly.

1 ) Through faecal DNA analysis, estimate the genetic diversity of the remaining wild bongo and calculate the relatedness of the isolated wild populations.