The first recorded use of the term Bretwalda comes from a West Saxon chronicle of the late 9th century that applied the term to Ecgberht, who ruled from 802 to 839.

According to the 802. 16-2004 standard, broadband means " having instantaneous bandwidths greater than 1 MHz and supporting data rates greater than about 1. 5 Mbit / s.

Legend has it that in 802 CE, Jayavarman II, king of the Khmers, first came to the Kuhlen hills, the future site of Angkor Wat.

If precise dates are required, the beginning may be set in 802 AD, when the founder of the Khmer Empire, Jayavarman II pronounced himself universal monarch ( chakravartin ) and declared independence from Java, and the end may be set in 1431 AD, when Thai invaders from the kingdom of Ayutthaya sacked Angkor and caused the Khmer elite to migrate to Phnom Penh.

* Chirp Spread Spectrum, a modulation concept, part of the standard IEEE 802. 15. 4aCSS

A 2011 estimate shows an increase to 100, 802.

As DECT and do not operate in the ISM band, they are not subject to the nor cause interference arising in this band from its use by 802. 11b and 802. 11g Wi-Fi, and cordless phones.

Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802. 3.

Ingrid Fromm, Siemens ' representative to IEEE 802, quickly achieved broader support for Ethernet beyond IEEE by the establishment of a competing Task Group " Local Networks " within the European standards body ECMA TC24.

As early as March 1982 ECMA TC24 with its corporate members reached agreement on a standard for CSMA / CD based on the IEEE 802 draft.

Because the DIX proposal was most technically complete and because of the speedy action taken by ECMA which decisively contributed to the conciliation of opinions within IEEE, the IEEE 802. 3 CSMA / CD standard was approved in December 1982.

IEEE published the 802. 3 standard as a draft in 1983 and as a standard in 1985.

Approval of Ethernet on the international level was achieved by a similar, cross-partisan action with Fromm as liaison officer working to integrate International Electrotechnical Commission, TC83 and International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) TC97SC6, and the ISO / IEEE 802 / 3 standard was approved in 1984.

As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a 48-bit MAC address.

Several standardized and proprietary networks ( or mesh ) layer protocols run over 802. 15. 4-based networks, including IEEE 802. 15. 5, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, WirelessHART, and ISA100. 11a.

In the US, 802. 11a and 802. 11g devices may be operated without a license, as allowed in Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations.

Vic Hayes, who held the chair of IEEE 802. 11 for 10 years and has been called the " father of Wi-Fi " was involved in designing the initial 802. 11b and 802. 11a standards within the IEEE.

The 802. 11a standard uses the same data link layer protocol and frame format as the original standard, but an OFDM based air interface ( physical layer ).

Since the 2. 4 GHz band is heavily used to the point of being crowded, using the relatively unused 5 GHz band gives 802. 11a a significant advantage.

However, this high carrier frequency also brings a disadvantage: the effective overall range of 802. 11a is less than that of 802. 11b / g.

In theory, 802. 11a signals are absorbed more readily by walls and other solid objects in their path due to their smaller wavelength and, as a result, cannot penetrate as far as those of 802. 11b.

802. 11a also suffers from interference, but locally there may be fewer signals to interfere with, resulting in less interference and better throughput.

This works in the 2. 4 GHz band ( like 802. 11b ), but uses the same OFDM based transmission scheme as 802. 11a.

802. 11g hardware is fully backward compatible with 802. 11b hardware and therefore is encumbered with legacy issues that reduce throughput when compared to 802. 11a by ~ 21 %.

By summer 2003, most dual-band 802. 11a / b products became dual-band / tri-mode, supporting a and b / g in a single mobile adapter card or access point.

REVma or 802. 11ma, as it was called, created a single document that merged 8 amendments ( 802. 11a, b, d, e, g, h, i, j ) with the base standard.

Most ISPs are small Bamako based providers with a VSAT connection, a cyber cafe and use wireless systems ( Alviron, 802. 11a, b, g, Motorola ) to share their service with their clients.

The C-band frequencies of 5. 4 GHz band to 5. 35 GHz, or 5. 47 to 5. 725 GHz, or 5. 725 to 5. 875 GHz, depending on the region of the world is used for IEEE 802. 11a Wi-Fi and cordless telephone applications, leading to occasional interference with some weather radars that are also allocated to the C-band.

802. 11b has a maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbit / s and uses the same media access method defined in the original standard.

** Chirp spread spectrum ( CSS ) according to IEEE 802. 15. 4a CSS uses pseudo-stochastic coding

* IEEE 802. 15. 4 ( Wireless PAN ) uses CSMA / CA

( Their successor 802. 11g uses OFDM instead )

The wireless LAN standard, IEEE 802. 11b-1999, uses a variety of different PSKs depending on the data-rate required.

Wireless Ethernet standard IEEE 802. 11 uses either FHSS or DSSS in its radio interface.

IEEE 802. 3ab, which defines the widely used 1000BASE-T interface type, uses a different encoding scheme in order to keep the symbol rate as low as possible, allowing transmission over twisted pair.

ISL uses an external tagging process that does not modify the existing Ethernet frame, while 802. 1Q uses a frame-internal field for tagging, and so does modify the Ethernet frame.

VLAN Cross Connect ( CC ) is a mechanism used to create Switched VLANs, VLAN CC uses IEEE 802. 1ad frames where the S Tag is used as a Label as in MPLS.

Low-speed peripherals ( such as an 802. 11 Wi-Fi card ) use a single-lane (× 1 ) link, while a graphics adapter typically uses a much wider ( and thus, faster ) 16-lane link.

* Karma-A tool that uses 802. 11 Evil Twin attacks to perform MITM attacks

Base configuration uses an Intel Sandy Bridge 2. 5 GHz Core i5-2520M ( up to 3. 20 GHz ) with 4 GB of RAM ( up to 8 GB ), SATA or SSD hard drive, Intel Integrated HD Graphics, USB 3. 0, backlit keyboard, 802. 11 b / g / n WiFi and an average of eight hours of battery life.

The DS uses ARM processors at relatively low clock speeds and has far less computational power compared to Sony's competing PSP, yet has many features of modern technology built in ( such as 802. 11b, compatibility with Game Boy Advance games and touchscreen functionality ).

The basic 802. 11 MAC layer uses the distributed coordination function ( DCF ) to share the medium between multiple stations.

The IEEE 802. 6 standard uses the Distributed Queue Dual Bus ( DQDB ) network form.

For Nextweb they originally deployed 802. 11b equipment and later switched to Axxcelera which uses propriety protocol.

802. 11 uses the terms AP and STA ( Station ).

IEEE 802. 11 uses 802. 11 RTS / CTS acknowledgment and handshake packets to partly overcome the hidden node problem.

* 802. 11i a. k. a. WPA2, uses AES and other improvements on WEP