Another famous abjuration was brought about by the Plakkaat van Verlatinghe of July 26, 1581, the formal Declaration of Independence of the Low Countries from the Spanish king, Philip II.

( 1992 ) Dance As a Theatre Art: Source Readings in Dance History from 1581 to the Present.

By 1569, relations with the Habsburgs had deteriorated, and Elizabeth considered marriage to two French Valois princes in turn, first Henry, Duke of Anjou, and later, from 1572 to 1581, his brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, formerly Duke of Alençon.

In 1581, to convert English subjects to Catholicism with " the intent " to withdraw them from their allegiance to Elizabeth was made a treasonable offence, carrying the death penalty.

A date of c. 1540 is suggested from two portraits: one a miniature painted by Nicholas Hilliard in 1581 when he was allegedly 42, the other painted in 1594 when he was said to be 53.

* 1581 – Plakkaat van Verlatinghe ( Act of Abjuration ): the northern Low Countries declare their independence from the Spanish king, Philip II.

# Kenji Tokitsu prefers to assume a birth date of 1581, which avoids the necessity of assuming the tombstone to be erroneous ( although this poses the problem of from whom then Musashi received the transmission of the family martial art ).

( or Prince Naresuan ) Prince Ekkathat is Prince Naresuan Younger Brother that trained Military skills and tradition of Burma and in 1581 King Bayinnong died of an illness from his coming of a conflict battle against the Kingdom of Yakkai. The son of King Bayinnong became King afterwards.

Yermak crossed the Urals from the Chusovaya to the Tagil around 1581.

Many fine boxwood specimens are in the Brussels Conservatory museum ; most of these are from late 16th-century Venice, where Vincenzo Galilei ( Dialogo, 1581 ) said that the best cornetts of his day were made.

After the northern Seven United Provinces of the seventeen declared their independence from Habsburg Spain, the provinces of the Southern Netherlands were recaptured ( 1581 ) and are sometimes called the Spanish Netherlands.

The Dutch Republic — officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands ( Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden ), the Republic of the United Netherlands, or the Republic of the Seven United Provinces ( Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën )— was a republic in Europe existing from 1581 to 1795, preceding the Batavian Republic, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands.

This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.

Claver was born in 1581 into a prosperous farming family in the Catalan village of Verdu, Urgell, located in the Province of Lleida, ( about from Barcelona.

Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft ( 16 March 1581 – 21 May 1647 )-Knight in the Order of Saint Michael-was a Dutch historian, poet and playwright from the period known as the Dutch Golden Age.

Traditional draught beer was produced on the site for 425 years starting from 1581, which made the Ram Brewery the oldest site in Britain at which beer had been brewed continuously.

* The Dutch Republic or Republic of the Seven United Provinces, an independent aristocratic Republic from 1579 / 1581 until 1795, frequently called simply " Holland " in literature

Memorial to Thomas Jones ( Archbishop ) | Thomas Jones, Dean of St. Patrick's from 1581 to 1585.

* 1558 – 1614: marquis, from 1581 1st prince de Conti

Adam Loftus ( c. 1533 – 5 April 1605 ) was Archbishop of Armagh, and later Dublin, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1581.

Johannes Rudbeckius or Johannes Rudbeck ( 1581 – 1646 ), bishop at Västerås, Sweden, from 1619 until his death, and personal chaplain to King Gustavus II Adolphus (" the Great ").

Juan Ruiz de Alarcón was born about 1581 at Real de Taxco, New Spain, where his father was superintendent of mines ; his mother was descended from one of Spain ’ s most illustrious families, the Mendozas.

These were painted from 1575 to 1581, at the same time as the oil paintings of the same scene, four of which can be found in the Cube Room of the Queen's House, Greenwich, London.

St. John's Vincentian values stem from the ideals and works of St Vincent de Paul ( 1581 – 1660 ), who is the patron saint of Christian charity.

Elizabeth I of England awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581.

* Jeremias Drexel of Bavaria ( 1581 – 1638 ), Catholic theologian and Court Preacher at the court of Prince-Elector Maximilian I

At the same time ( 1581 ), at the call of Elizabeth I of England, the north of the Seventeen Provinces, having gained a Protestant majority, successfully revolted and formed the United Provinces.

A 1581 engraving by Virgil Solis for Ovid's Metamorphoses, Book I

* Part I (" De Materie ", 1986 – 1987 ): the 1581 Plakkaat van Verlatinge ( Act of Abjuration ), with a text on shipbuilding by Nicolaes Witsen and the Idea Physicæ of David van Goorle

He later accompanied Prince François, by then Duke of Anjou, to England in 1581, in his second attempt to woo Elizabeth I of England.

* Norbert Kind, Barnabe Riche, " Don Simonides ", Teil I ( 1581 ), Teil II ( 1584 ): kritische Edition mit Einleitung, Kommentar und Glossar, Köln, Phil.

The name ‘ Hatton Garden ’ is derived from the garden of the Bishop of Ely, which was given to Sir Christopher Hatton by Elizabeth I in 1581, during a vacancy of the see.

Upon his return to England on 4 April 1581, Francis Drake was knighted by the French Ambassador on behalf of Queen Elizabeth I for his deeds against the Spanish during the circumnavigational voyage.

An ambitious, indeed ruthless, soldier, Coote ( 1581 – 1661 ) had carved out vast estates in Ireland and been made a baronet by James I, before being killed at the siege of Trim in the 1641 Rebellion.

Philip II of Spain, a maternal grandson of Manuel I of Portugal, and nearest male claimant ( being an uncle of Sebastian I ), invaded with an army of 15 000 men, defeating the troops of Anthony, Prior of Crato at the Battle of Alcântara and was crowned Philip I of Portugal by the Cortes of Tomar in 1581.

* 1630 – 1646: Count Louis Günther I ( 1581 – 1646 )

The feudal rights to Avellino were purchased in 1581 by Don Marino I Caracciolo, duke of Atripalda, of a patrician family of Naples, who was made Prince of Avellino in 1589.

In 1581, after a succession crisis, the Portuguese Nobility gathered in the Convent of Christ in Tomar and officially recognised Philip II of Spain ( Philip I of Portugal ) as King.

Elizabeth I compelled Bishop Richard Cox to surrender the residence to Sir Christopher Hatton in 1581.

In 1581, Philip became Philip I of Portugal, joining both crowns into the most extended empire in history up to that time.

It was first leased to him in 1581 by Queen Elizabeth I, and his lifetime lease was extended in 1604 to extend to his heirs.

His government in Terceira island was only recognized in the Azores, whereas on the continent and in the Madeira Islands power was exercised by Philip II, who was acclaimed king in 1580 as Philip I of Portugal and recognized as official king by the Cortes of Tomar in 1581.

In 1589, when at the request of Tsar Feodor I ( 1581 – 98 ) the metropolitan see of Moscow was accepted as a patriarchate by Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople, the Eastern Orthodox Church seemed to have returned to being a pentarchy.

* Dorothea ( b. January 6, 1581 ; d. September 18, 1631 ); married John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau in 1595.

* Kösem Sultan-( 1581 – 1651 ) also known as Mehpeyker Sultan was the most powerful woman in Ottoman history, consort and favourite concubine of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I ( r. 1603-1617 ), she became Valide Sultan from 1623 – 1651, when her sons Murad IV and Ibrahim I and her grandson Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 1687 ) reigned as Ottoman sultans ; she was the daughter of a priest from the island of Tinos-her maiden name was Anastasia