In addition, a 2010 Cochrane Collaboration review of trials of Risperidone, one of the biggest selling antipsychotics and the first of the new generation to become available in generic form, found only marginal benefit compared with placebo and that, despite its widespread use, evidence remains limited, poorly reported and probably biased in favor of risperidone due to pharmaceutical company funding of trials.

A 2006 Cochrane Collaboration review of controlled trials of antipsychotics in old age dementia reported that one or two of the drugs showed a modest benefit compared to placebo in managing aggression or psychosis, but that this was combined with a significant increase in serious adverse events.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.

A review of all randomized controlled trials in the scientific literature by the Cochrane Collaboration published in JAMA in 2007 found that β-carotene increased mortality by something between 1 and 8 % ( Relative Risk 1. 05, 95 % confidence interval 1. 01-1. 08 ).

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by the international Cochrane Collaboration in 2002 concluded that fat-restricted diets are no better than calorie restricted diets in achieving long term weight loss in overweight or obese people.

" This definition, put forward by one of the original proponents of evidence-based medicine, has since been adopted by major organizations, including the Cochrane Collaboration and the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine.

The Cochrane Collaboration is one of the best-known, respected examples of systematic reviews.

A 2007 analysis of 1016 systematic reviews from all 50 Cochrane Collaboration Review Groups found that 44 % of the reviews concluded that the intervention was " likely to be beneficial ", 7 % concluded that the intervention was " likely to be harmful ", and 49 % concluded that evidence " did not support either benefit or harm ".

Cochrane's work was honoured through the naming of centres of evidence-based medical research — Cochrane Centres — and an international organization, the Cochrane Collaboration.

Alternative or complementary medicine, including acupuncture, psychological interventions, vitamins and yoga, was evaluated in a number of systematic reviews by the Cochrane Collaboration into treatments for epilepsy, and found there is no reliable evidence to support the use of these as treatments for epilepsy.

In 2005 and in 2007, systematic reviews from the Cochrane Collaboration showed no proper evidence that hypnotherapy was useful in the treatment of smoking addiction or in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS )

According to a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration, the best evidence in the treatment of LEMS exists for 3, 4-aminopyridine and IVIG.

Consequently, a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration ( published in 2008 ) found insufficient evidence to recommend the use of silver-treated dressings to treat infected wounds.

Unfortunately, results are occasionally wrong, producing a false positive ( the Cochrane Collaboration is a relevant effort to improve the reliability of health care trials ).

A Cochrane Collaboration review concluded sclerotherapy was better than surgery in the short term ( 1 year ) for its treatment success, complication rate and cost, but surgery was better after 5 years, although the research is weak.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.

The Cochrane Collaboration, a group of evidence-based medicine ( EBM ) reviewers, reviewed the use of P6 for nausea and vomiting, and found it to be effective for reducing post-operative nausea, but not vomiting.

On systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration, randomized controlled trials have shown a trend towards improving pregnancy rates with pentoxifylline treatment ( odds ratio of 1. 54, 95 % CI 0. 89-2. 66 ) and a decreasing trend in pain scores with treatment ( mean difference-1. 60, 95 % CI-3. 32-0. 12 ).

A review of all randomized controlled trials in the scientific literature by the Cochrane Collaboration published in JAMA in 2007 found that supplementation with beta-carotene or vitamin increased mortality by 5 % and 16 %, respectively.

Here it is convenient to follow the terminology used by the Cochrane Collaboration, and use " meta-analysis " to refer to statistical methods of combining evidence, leaving other aspects of ' research synthesis ' or ' evidence synthesis ', such as combining information from qualitative studies, for the more general context of systematic reviews.

* Revman A free software for meta-analysis and preparation of cochrane protocols and review available from the Cochrane Collaboration

Meta-analysis by the independent Cochrane Collaboration indicated that sertraline is more effective for the treatment of depression than fluoxetine ( Prozac ), with a 1. 4 times higher probability of response, and is possibly better tolerated.

A meta-analysis of 26 studies in 2007 by the Cochrane Collaboration found that most of these studies were small and of poor quality, and that generally these 26 studies indicated that the treatments did not promote wound healing or prevent wound infections.

Another Cochrane review in 2009, of bipolar disorder, found the efficacy and risk / benefit ratio better for the traditional mood stabilizer lithium than for the antipsychotic Olanzapine as a first line maintenance treatment.

A more recent meta-analysis that included randomized controlled trials published after the Cochrane review < ref name =" pmid15632335 ">

A 2001 review of 160 Cochrane systematic reviews ( excluding complementary treatments ) in the 1998 database revealed that, according to two readers, 41. 3 % concluded positive or possibly positive effect, 20 % concluded evidence of no effect, 8. 1 % concluded net harmful effects, and 21. 3 % of the reviews concluded insufficient evidence.

A review of 145 alternative medicine Cochrane reviews using the 2004 database revealed that 38. 4 % concluded positive effect or possibly positive ( 12. 4 %) effect, 4. 8 % concluded no effect, 0. 69 % concluded harmful effect, and 56. 6 % concluded insufficient evidence.

* Topiramate ( Topamax ) is not FDA approved for bipolar disorder, either ; and a 2006 Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence on which to base any recommendations regarding the use of topiramate in any phase of bipolar illness.

The Cochrane review included various means of stimulating P6, including acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, laser stimulation, acustimulation device and acupressure ; it did not comment on whether one or more forms of stimulation were more effective.

The bisphosphate drug alendronate can help prevent loss of bone mass, reducing the risk of fractures, according to a Cochrane review of studies.

In 2012, the Cochrane Library published a systematic review of scientific studies.

A 2012 Cochrane review of 43 clinical trials that included 190, 551 participants concluded Rotarix and RotaTeq are effective vaccines.

The article received a flurry of criticism, but the authors later published a Cochrane review with similar conclusions ( updated ).

In another update by Hróbjartsson & Gøtzsche, published as a 2010 Cochrane systematic review which confirms and modifies their previous work, over 200 trials investigating 60 clinical conditions were included.

A 2010 review by the Cochrane collaboration found that the total severity of BPD is not significantly affected by any drug.

Recombinant activated protein C ( drotrecogin alpha ) in a 2011 Cochrane review was found not to decrease mortality, but to only increase adverse events, and thus was not recommended for use.

Cochrane reviews have found no evidence that CBT is effective for tinnitus, although there appears to be an effect on management of associated depression and quality of life in this condition.

Other recent Cochrane Reviews found no convincing evidence that CBT training helps foster care providers manage difficult behaviors in the youth under their care, nor was it helpful in treating men who abuse their intimate partners.

Cochrane reviews have found no evidence that CBT is effective for tinnitus, although there appears to be an effect on management of associated depression and quality of life in this condition.

Other recent Cochrane Reviews found no convincing evidence that CBT training helps foster care providers manage difficult behaviors in the youth under their care, nor was it helpful in treating men who abuse their intimate partners.

The term " Gardnerian " was probably coined by the founder of Cochranian Witchcraft, Robert Cochrane in the 1950s or 60s, who himself left that tradition to found his own.

For example, when Sir Francis Burdett, chairman of the London Hampden Club, proposed a resolution in favour of universal suffrage, equally sized electoral districts, and voting by secret ballot to the House of Commons, his motion found only one other supporter ( Lord Cochrane ) in the entire House.

A Cochrane Review of studies found that there is evidence to demonstrate the efficacy of traffic calming measures in reducing traffic-related injuries and may even reduce deaths.

While metrifonate has been discontinued for use by the British National Health Service, a Cochrane review found it equally effective in treating urinary schistosomiasis as the leading drug, praziquantel.

A meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration found no benefits of acupuncture relative to placebo for IBS symptom severity or IBS-related quality of life.

According to a 2009 Cochrane review of 23 clinical trials, it was found that some music may reduce heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure in patients with coronary heart disease.

The 2008 Cochrane review found that infants whose cord clamping occurred later than 60 seconds after birth had a statistically higher risk of neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy.