* Classification by internal compensation: op-amps may suffer from high frequency instability in some negative feedback circuits unless a small compensation capacitor modifies the phase and frequency responses.

Alternatively, a contact protection network consisting of a capacitor and resistor in series ( snubber circuit ) may absorb the surge.

Tuning of the local oscillator and the RF stage may use a variable capacitor, or varicap diode.

Each coupling capacitor along with the input electrical impedance of the next stage forms a high-pass filter and each successive filter results in a cumulative filter with a-3dB frequency that may be higher than each individual filter.

For crystals operated at series resonance or pulled away from the main mode by the inclusion of a series inductor or capacitor, significant ( and temperature-dependent ) spurious responses may be experienced.

When an incoming body penetrates the plates, it closes the circuit to discharge the capacitor, dumping a great deal of energy into the penetrator, which may vaporize it or even turn it into a plasma, significantly diffusing the attack.

Etienne sought Atanasoff's help in breaking an Eckert-Mauchly patent on a revolving magnetic memory drum, having been alerted by Clifford Berry that the ABC's revolving capacitor memory drum may have constituted prior art.

For many applications, especially with single phase AC where the full-wave bridge serves to convert an AC input into a DC output, the addition of a capacitor may be desired because the bridge alone supplies an output of pulsed DC ( see diagram to right ).

When the capacitor is connected directly to the bridge, as shown, current flows in only a small portion of each cycle, which may be undesirable.

The coupling capacitor may be part of a capacitor voltage transformer used for voltage measurement.

Larger single phase motors have a second stator winding fed with out-of-phase current ; such currents may be created by feeding the winding through a capacitor or having it have different values of inductance and resistance from the main winding.

* A rigid-walled cavity containing air ( or similar compressible fluid ) may be approximated as a capacitor whose value is proportional to the volume of the cavity.

* A loudspeaker drive unit ( typically a woofer or subwoofer drive unit ) may be approximated as a series connection of a zero-impedance voltage source, a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor.

The inductor or capacitor values of a nth-order Chebyshev prototype filter may be calculated from the following equations:

* The frequency may be adjusted using a single variable capacitor, one side of which can be earthed

Less commonly, a passive DI unit may consist of a resistive load, with or without capacitor coupling.

Because turn-ons are caused by internal capacitive currents flowing into the gate as a consequence of a high voltage dv / dt, a gate resistor or capacitor ( or both in parallel ) may be connected between the gate and A1 / MT1 to provide a low-impedance path to A1 / MT1 and further prevent false triggering.

At such high pressures, the voltage drop between the electrodes, formed by the spark streamer, may be greater than the capacitor voltage.

A cheap electrolytic capacitor may be rated for a life of less than 1000 hours at 85 ° C ( a year is about 9000 hours ).

A voltage multiplier may be formed of a cascade of voltage doublers of the cross-coupled switched capacitor type.

She proposed that may act as an evolutionary capacitor to facilitate adaptation by releasing cryptic genetic variation in natural populations at times of stress.

Larger and more modern types may have multiple physical windings, though electrically only one, and a capacitor may be used.

These can be used for energy meters ( watt-hour meters ) or for estimating the charge of battery or capacitor.

However, DRAM uses only one transistor and a capacitor per bit, allowing it to reach much higher densities and, with more bits on a memory chip, be much cheaper per bit.

Ultimately this was shown to be the result of a faulty electrolyte formulation, an issue termed capacitor plague.

An " instance " could be anything from a MOSFET transistor or a bipolar transistor, to a resistor, capacitor, or integrated circuit chip.

Because the dielectric layer can be very thin ( thinner than the similar layer in, for instance, an aluminium electrolytic capacitor ), a high capacitance can be achieved in a small volume.

This winding would be connected back to the grid through a small capacitor, and when properly adjusted would cancel the Miller capacitance.

Capacitive coupling is typically achieved by placing a capacitor in series with the signal to be coupled.

Similarly, an antenna which is longer than its resonant length has inductive reactance, and can be electrically shortened by adding a loading capacitor.

Note that the electric field can be created by placing a parallel plate capacitor across the crystal.

Ground planes can also be placed on adjacent layers to power planes, creating a large parallel plate decoupling capacitor that prevents noise from being coupled from one circuit to another through the power supply.

This can be realized with two resistors and one capacitor.

Its principal advantage is the ease with which the amount of correction can be adjusted ; it behaves like an electrically variable capacitor.

In Europe 1 REN used to be equivalent to an 1800Ω resistor in series with a 1 µF capacitor.

For split phase systems, the signal can be passively coupled from phase-to-phase using a passive capacitor, but for three phase systems or where the capacitor provides insufficient coupling, an active X10 repeater can be used.

An isolating transformer or blocking capacitor can be used to couple a coaxial cable to equipment, where it is desirable to pass radio-frequency signals but to block direct current or low-frequency power.

The Van de Graaff generator can be thought of as a constant-current source connected in parallel with a capacitor and a very large electrical resistance.

The capacitor can be either charged or discharged ; these two states are taken to represent the two values of a bit, conventionally called 0 and 1.

Note that due to the length of the bit-lines there is a fairly long propagation delay for the charge to be transferred back to the cell's capacitor.

Traditionally, the 5th plastic pin disconnects 1 μF capacitor that shorts telephone line while plug is not inserted into socket.