The economic might and relatively advanced development of Tuscany at the time ( Late Middle Ages ) gave its dialect weight, though the Venetian language remained widespread in medieval Italian commercial life, and Ligurian ( or Genoese ) remained in use in maritime trade alongside the Mediterranean.

In 1256 the commercial rivalry between the Venetian and Genoese merchant colonies broke out into open warfare.

He encouraged maritime trade by negotiating a commercial treaty with England ( 1294 ) and forming a royal navy ( 1317 ) under the command of a Genoese admiral named Emanuele Pessagno ( Manuel Pessanha ).

Nowadays, the city center is mainly composed of the " citadelle ", the stronghold, also called Terra-Nova, with the Genoese Governors ' Palace, the old port and its popular quarter and the market plaza, and finally the ensemble of buildings along the " Boulevard Paoli ", the main commercial street of the city, which lies from the Justice Court to the Avenue Maréchal Sebastiani.

Often warring between one another, the Giudicati made a great number of commercial concessions to the Pisans and the Genoese.

Between the 11th century ( when the Genoese ships played a major role in the first crusade, carrying knights and troops to the Middle-East for a fee ) and the 15th century, the Republic of Genoa experienced an extraordinary political and commercial success ( mainly spice trades with the Orient ).

By the late 13th century, with the Treaty of Nymphaeum of 1261, the offensive-defensive alliance between Michael VIII Palaeologus and Genoa that opened up the Black Sea to Genoese commerce, Varna had turned into a thriving commercial port city frequented by Genoese and later also by Venetian and Ragusan merchant ships.

The Crusades had built lasting trade links to the Levant, and the Fourth Crusade had done much to destroy the Byzantine Empire as a commercial rival to the Venetians and Genoese.

Under that agreement, the Genoese had new privileges for commercial activities.

He asked from help from the forces in Europe, but it did not arrive: the Genoese were his enemies, and the Venetians and others did not want to destroy commercial relations with the sultan.

Since the Genoese had commercial and financial interests in Cyprus, they invaded the island in April 1373.

Under that agreement, Genoese had new privileges for commercial activities.

The Republic's role as a maritime power in the region secured many favorable commercial treaties for Genoese merchants.

The Book of Knowledge, a travelogue compiled by a Spanish monk soon after 1348, mentions that Genoese merchants had settled in Old Dongola ; they may have penetrated thither as a consequence of the commercial treaty of 1290 between Genoa and Egypt.

Aware of the weakness of his navy, in March 1261 the Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos ( 1259 – 1282 ) concluded the Treaty of Nymphaeum with the Genoese, securing their aid against Venice at sea, in return for commercial privileges.

In 1458, Usodimare was sent as an agent of the commercial house of Marchionni to the Genoese colony of Caffa on the Black Sea.

The naval Battle of Preveza was fought off the shores of Preveza in 29 September 1538, where the Ottoman fleet of Hayreddin Barbarossa defeated a united Christian fleet under the Genoese captain Andrea Doria.

When captured the Genoese privateer Liguria on 7 August 1798, Espoirs captain, Commander Loftus Otway Bland, catalogued Ligurias armaments as: 12 long 18-pounders, four long 12-pounders, 10 long 6-pounders, 12 long wall-pieces, and four swivel guns.

Giovanni Giustiniani Longo ( Greek: Ιωάννης Λόγγος Ιουστινιάνης ; Latin: Ioannes Iustinianus Longus ) ( died 1453 ) was a young Genoese captain, a member of one of the greatest families of the Republic, a kinsman to the powerful house of Doria in Genoa., and protostrator of the Byzantine Empire.

Alvise Cadamosto or Alvide da Ca ' da Mosto (, also known in Portuguese as Luís Cadamosto ; c. 1432 – July 16, 1483 ) was a Venetian slave trader and explorer, who was hired by the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator and undertook two known journeys to West Africa in 1455 and 1456, accompanied by the Genoese captain Antoniotto Usodimare.

Around Cape Vert, in June 1455, Cadamosto came across two Portuguese caravels, one of which was commanded by Antoniotto Usodimare, a Genoese captain in Prince Henry's service, the other by an unnamed squire of Henry's household.

However, Talcahuano began to appear in history books as early as 1544 when Genoese captain Juan Bautista Pastene discovered the mouth of the Biobío river while exploring the coast in his ships “ San Pedro ” and “ Santiaguillo ”.

In some sources, Antoniotto Usodimare is confused with António de Noli, another Genoese explorer in the service of Prince Henry, who, according to the memoirs of Portuguese captain Diogo Gomes, also went to the Gambia River and ( re ) discovered the Cape Verde islands in 1462.

Naples, which was held by Alfonso's brother, Pedro de Aragon, was besieged in 1424 by the Genoese ships and Joan's troops, now led by Francesco Sforza, son of Muzio ( who had died at L ' Aquila ).

At the end, the population which had not been able to escape, was deported to Edirne, Bursa and other Ottoman cities, leaving the city deserted except for the Jews of Balat and the Genoese of Pera.

The Venetians were allies of John VI, so Orhan sent an auxiliary force across the straits to Galata, which there co-operated with the Genoese.

After a short period of Genoese rule ( 1205 – 1220 ), which favoured a rise of trades, Syracuse was conquered back by emperor Frederick II.

In 1828 – 29 he collaborated with a Genoese newspaper, L ' indicatore genovese, which was however soon closed by the Piedmontese authorities.

* The former palace of the Genoese governors, which now accommodates a museum of Corsican ethnography.

Froissart writes that English cannon made " two or three discharges on the Genoese ", which is taken to mean individual shots by two or three guns because of the time necessary to reload such primitive artillery.

Messina was most likely the harbour at which the Black Death entered Europe: the plague was brought by Genoese ships coming from Caffa in the Crimea.

Genoese Crusaders brought home a green glass goblet from the Levant, which Genoese long regarded as the Holy Grail.

In 1584, the governor of Genua, who dominated Corsica, ordered to all farmers and landowners to plant four trees yearly, among which a chestnut tree – plus olive, fig and mulberry trees ( this assumedly lasted until the end of Genoese rule over Corsica in 1729 ).

When Pope Eugene III preached the Second Crusade, Alfonso VII, with García Ramírez of Navarre and Ramon Berenguer IV, led a mixed army of Catalans and Franks, with a Genoese – Pisan navy, in a crusade against the rich port city of Almería, which was occupied in October 1147.

In the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies, Genoese explorer Cristopher Columbus's speculative proposal to reach the East Indies by sailing westward received the support of the Spanish crown, which saw in it a promise, however remote, of gaining the upper hand over rival powers in the contest for the lucrative spice trade with Asia.

The Genoese uprising against the House of Savoy in 1821, which was put down with great bloodshed, aroused the population ’ s national sentiments.

In 1263, the emperor sent men ( which included Seljuk mercenaries ) to conquer the Principality of Achaea, but this expedition failed in the battles of Prinitza and Makryplagi, and a mixed imperial and Genoese fleet of 48 ships was defeated by a smaller Venetian force at the Battle of Settepozzi.

Palma was the base from where a campaign against Sardinia was launched between 1016 and 1017, which caused the intervention of Pisans and Genoese forces.

Cilicia Trachea (" rugged Cilicia "— Greek: Κιλικία Τραχεία ; the Assyrian Khilakku or Khilikku, also sometimes transcribed as Hilakku or Hilikku, classical " Cilicia ") is a rugged mountain district formed by the spurs of Taurus, which often terminate in rocky headlands with small sheltered harbors, a feature which, in classical times, made the coast a string of havens for pirates, but which in the Middle Ages led to its occupation by Genoese and Venetian traders.

Until the establishment of Greater Sochi in 1961, it was administered as a separate town, which had its origin in an ancient Sadz village and a medieval Genoese trading post.

His fleet of 25 galleys was met by the Genoese ships sent by Visconti, led by Biagio Assereto.

The Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest from July 18 to July 22, 2001 was one of the bloodiest protests in Western Europe's recent history, as evidenced by the wounding of hundreds of policemen and civilians forced to lock themselves inside of their homes and the death of a young Genoese anarchist named Carlo Giuliani — who was shot in the face while trying to throw a fire extinguisher on a police car — during two days of violence and rioting by fringe groups supported by the nonchalance of more consistent and peaceful masses of protesters, and the hospitalisation of several of those peaceful demonstrators just mentioned.

Paoli took most of the island for the republic but he was unable to force Genoese troops out of the citadels of Saint-Florent, Calvi, Ajaccio, Bastia and Algajola.

Their ultimate solution was to sell Corsica to France and French troops of the ancien régime replaced Genoese ones in the citadels, including Ajaccio's.

The family later separated into two branches: Buonaparte-Sarzana, Nobili di Sarzana had been compelled to leave Florence due to the defeat of the Ghibellines and later when Francesco Buonaparte came to Corsica in 16th century and the island was in Genoese possession.

The first was an expedition of a Castilian fleet led by a Genoese, Lanzarotto Malocello.

John was supported by his nobles on Cyprus, and by his continental holdings in Beirut, Caesarea, and Arsuf, as well as by the Knights Templar and the Genoese.

They blockaded the Genoese quarter, but the Genoese were supplied by the Hospitallers, whose complex was nearby, and by Philip of Montfort who sent food from Tyre.

The naval battle was won by Venice, and the Genoese were forced to abandon their quarter and flee to Tyre with Philip.

Known as " Ofioussa " ( having snakes ) and " Pityoussa " ( having pine trees ) in antiquity, during the medieval age the island was ruled by a number of external powers and has also been known as Scio ( Genoese ), Chio ( Italian ) and Sakız ( صاقيز — Ottoman Turkish ).

Genoese admiral Lamba D ' Oria overwhelmed a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Curzola near the island of Korčula, and Polo was taken prisoner.

Mustafa took refuge in the city of Gallipoli but the sultan, who was greatly aided by a Genoese commander named Adorno, besieged him there and stormed the place.

When still only a child he was captured by Genoese pirates for ransom.

He was of Genoese origin, although born in Rome.