During World War II, a US submarine, the USS Puffer ( SS-268 ), came under several hours of depth charge attack by a Japanese surface vessel until the ship became convinced the submarine had somehow escaped.

Both Catalina and Sunderland aircraft were flown during the course of World War II in search of Japanese and German submarines and surface raiders.

The Japanese ion-drive spacecraft Hayabusa in 2005 also orbited the small near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa, landing on it briefly and returning grains of its surface material to Earth.

* 1942 – World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal – U. S. and Japanese ships engage in an intense, close-quarters surface naval engagement during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

Each piece has its name written on its surface in the form of two kanji ( Chinese characters used in Japanese ), usually in black ink.

Three major land battles, seven large naval battles ( five nighttime surface actions and two carrier battles ), and continual, almost daily aerial battles culminated in the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in early November 1942, in which the last Japanese attempt to bombard Henderson Field from the sea and land with enough troops to retake it was defeated.

The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in November marked the turning point in which Allied Naval forces took on the extremely experienced Japanese surface forces at night and forced them to withdraw after sharp action.

Some Japanese viewpoints consider these engagements, and the improving Allied surface capability to challenge their surface ships at night, to be just as significant as the Battle of Midway in turning the tide against them.

19th century depiction of a Japanese folding fan with a poem on its open surface.

In 2010 the Japanese Hayabusa spacecraft returned samples of dust from the surface of an asteroid.

It included the flagship,, the Battle Group, the Battle Group, two battleship surface action groups formed around the and, and a Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force task force.

One purpose is to allow the printmaker to print on a much more delicate surface, such as Japanese paper or linen, which pulls finer details off the plate.

They faced a small but consistent threat from both German and Japanese " surface raiders " and submarines.

Echoes of Marinetti's thought, especially his " dreamt-of metallization of the human body ", are still strongly prevalent in Japanese culture, and surface in manga / anime and the works of artists such as Shinya Tsukamoto, director of the " Tetsuo " ( lit.

Historian Samuel E. Morison wrote in 1949 that Spruance was subjected to much criticism for not pursuing the retreating Japanese, and allowing the retreating Japanese surface fleet to escape.

On January 21, 2007, a Japanese fisherman discovered a long female alive at the surface, perhaps there because of illness or weakness from the warm water.

The Ka plan dictated once U. S. carriers were located, either by Japanese scout aircraft or an attack on one of the Japanese surface forces, Nagumo's carriers would immediately launch a strike force to destroy them.

The U. S., however, was unaware of the disposition and strength of approaching Japanese surface warship forces.

The battleship commander was not enthusiastic about a night engagement with Japanese surface forces, despite his new ships outclassing most of the Japanese battleships, feeling that his crews were not adequately trained for such an action.

However, it is instructive to compare Spruance's caution ( particularly his suspicion of a diversionary force ) with Admiral Halsey's later impetuous pursuit of an actual diversionary force at the Battle of Leyte Gulf that left inferior U. S. forces open to an attack off Samar by a Japanese surface action group composed of battleships, cruisers and destroyers.

At the same time, like the other Post-Impressionists, Cézanne had learned from Japanese art the significance of respecting the flat ( two-dimensional ) rectangle of the picture itself ; Hokusai and Hiroshige ignored or even reversed linear perspective and thereby remind the viewer that a picture can only be " true " when it acknowledges the truth of its own flat surface.

* 1942 – World War II: Battle of Savo Island – Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the Battle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by an Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser force.

The Imperial Japanese Navy was the first to assemble a large number of carriers into a single task force, known as Kido Butai.

* 1942 – World War II: During the Battle of the Java Sea, an allied strike force is defeated by a Japanese task force in the Java Sea in the Dutch East Indies

During World War II a Japanese invasion force landed at Reo on 14 May 1942 and occupied Flores.

In response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, he and Secretary of State Henry Stimson outlined the Hoover – Stimson Doctrine which held that the United States would not recognize territories gained by force.

When the Treaty of San Francisco came into force all ethnic Koreans lost their Japanese citizenship and with it the right to welfare grants, to hold a government job of any kind or to attend Japanese schools.

Both essays reflect the guerrilla roots of Maoism in the need to build up support in the countryside against a Japanese occupying force and emphasise the need to win over hearts and minds through ' education '.

* 1942 – World War II: Guadalcanal Campaign: Battle of Tassafaronga – A smaller squadron of Japanese destroyers led by Raizō Tanaka defeats a US cruiser force under Carleton H. Wright.

Bitter fighting continued in New Guinea between the largely Australian force and the Japanese 18th Army based in New Guinea until the Japanese surrender in 1945.

The December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and Germany's declaration of war against the United States gave the United States the leverage it needed, however, to force Moríñigo to commit himself publicly to the Allied cause.

Fridell argues that scholars call the period 1868-1945 the " State Shinto period " because, " during these decades, Shinto elements came under a great deal of overt state influence and control as the Japanese government systematically utilized shrine worship as a major force for mobilizing imperial loyalties on behalf of modern nation-building.

Despite the loss of a Japanese peacekeeper killed in an ambush, the force remained in Cambodia until the Cambodians were able to elect and install a government.

Although the battle was a Soviet victory, the Japanese dismissed it as an inconclusive draw, and on 11 May 1939 decided to move the Japanese-Mongolian border up to the Khalkhin Gol River by force.

* February 27 – WWII – Battle of the Java Sea: An allied ( ABDA ) task force of 14 vessels under Dutch command, trying to stem a Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, is defeated by a 19 vessel Japanese task force in the Java Sea ; 2. 300 sailors die, including the commander, admiral Karel Doorman ; Japanese attain naval hegemony in East-Asia

* July 3 – WWII: Guadalcanal, occupied only by aborigines falls to the Japanese Naval construction force deployed to construct an air field on the island.

* July 21 – The Japanese establish a beachhead on the north coast of New Guinea in the Buna-Gona area ; a small Australian force begins a rearguard action on the Kokoda Track Campaign.

* December 2 – WWII – Attack on Pearl Harbor: The code message " Climb Mount Niitaka " is transmitted to the Japanese task force, indicating that negotiations have broken down and that the attack is to be carried out according to plan.

Krupp's Director of design, Professor Fritz Rausenberger, designed the Big Bertha, while the Japanese naval guns were built by the British ( as were their battleships ).

On 8 February 1904 destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on the Russian Far East Fleet anchored in Port Arthur ; 3 ships — 2 battleships and a cruiser — were damaged in the attack.

Superior Japanese gunnery then took its toll with most of the Russian battleships being crippled.

The night attacks had put a great strain on the Russians, as they had lost two battleships and two armoured cruisers, while the Japanese only lost three torpedo boats.

Japanese fire was also more accurate because they were using the latest issued ( 1903 ) Barr & Stroud FA3 coincidence rangefinder, which had a range of, while the Russian battleships were equipped with Liuzhol rangefinders from the 1880s, which only had a range of about.

The Russians lost all eight battleships and all three of their smaller coastal battleships in the battle, either sunk or captured by the Japanese, or scuttled by their crews to prevent capture.

Britain's First Sea Lord Admiral Fisher argued the Japanese victory at Tsushima confirmed the importance of large guns and speed on modern battleships, and in October 1905 the British began construction of HMS Dreadnought, which upon her launching in 1906 began a dreadnought naval arms race between Britain and Germany in the years before 1914.

At that time, the Qing possessed the newest model of navy battleships, the Dingyuan, and thought that the Japanese navy was no match, and even at the time of the Gaspin coup 2 years previous, Japan was defeated by the Qing, so at that time, the Qing dynasty did have superior military power.

The surprise Japanese air raid sinks the battleships, and many other ships.

These nine battleships were intended to counterbalance the ten battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

With the difference in speed between Kimmel's battleships and the faster Japanese carriers, the former could not have come within rifle range of the enemy's flattops.

Senior officers in 7th Fleet ( including Kinkaid and his staff ) generally assumed Halsey was taking his three available carrier groups northwards ( McCain's group, the strongest in 3rd Fleet, was still returning from the direction of Ulithi ), but leaving the battleships of TF 34 covering San Bernardino Strait against the Japanese Center Force.

Despite the losses in the Palawan Passage and Sibuyan Sea actions, the Japanese Center Force was still very powerful, consisting of four battleships ( including the giant ), six heavy cruisers, two light cruisers and 11 destroyers.

The battleships remained in the Hawaiian Islands to deter Japanese aggression until the attack on Pearl Harbor.

In November Halsey's willingness to place at risk his command's two fast battleships in the confined waters around Guadalcanal for a night engagement paid off with the U. S. Navy winning the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, the decisive naval engagement of the Guadalcanal campaign that doomed the Japanese garrison and wrested control from the Japanese.

These forces were built around the remaining strength of the Japanese Navy, and comprised a total of 7 battleships and 16 cruisers.

Third Fleet aircraft conducted attacks upon Tokyo, the naval base at Kure and the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō, and Third Fleet battleships engaged in the bombardment of a number of Japanese coastal cities in preparation for an invasion of Japan, which ultimately never had to be undertaken.

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Spruance himself directed a task group of battleships, cruisers and destroyers that left the main body to go after Japanese ships that were fleeing Truk, sinking the light cruiser Katori and destroyer Maikaze.

On paper, the Beiyang Fleet had the superior ships, included two pre-dreadnought battleships, Dingyuan and Zhenyuan for which the Japanese had no counterparts.

On observing the movement, Admiral Ding realized that his formation prevented the Chinese battleships in the center from firing because their smaller companions were between them and their opponents and also exposed the smaller, more lightly armored ships to prolonged fire from the larger Japanese warships.