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A Latgalian hill fort is known to have existed at Rēzekne from the 9th to the 13th centuries, until its destruction at the hands of German crusaders of the Livonian Order.
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Latgalian and is
The group is usually divided into two sub-groups: Western Baltic, containing only extinct languages, and Eastern Baltic, containing both extinct and the two living languages in the group: Lithuanian ( including both Standard Lithuanian and Samogitian ) and Latvian ( including both literary Latvian and Latgalian ).
The Latgalian written language is also protected as a historic variant of the Latvian language.
This case carries the basic meaning of " in ": for example, " in the house " is " talo · ssa " in Finnish, " maja · s " in Estonian, " etxea · n " in Basque, " nam · e " in Lithuanian, " sāt · ā " in Latgalian and " ház · ban " in Hungarian.
Rēzekne ( ; Latgalian Rēzne or Rēzekne ; ) is a city in the Latgalia region of eastern Latvia, also known by the nickname Latgales sirds ( Latgalian Latgolys sirds ) meaning The Heart of Latgalia.
Livonian as a lesser used language in Latvia – along with Latgalian – is represented by the Latvian Bureau of Lesser Used Languages ( LatBLUL ), a national branch of the European Bureau of Lesser Used Languages ( EBLUL ).
However, the Latgalian variety, spoken in the south east of Latvia, is sometimes considered a separate language.
Latgale ( formerly Lettgallia ; Latgalian: Latgola ) is one of the four historical and cultural regions of Latvia recognised in the Constitution of the Latvian Republic.
* The people are called latgalieši in Latvian ( as distinct from latgaļi, which refers to the ancient tribe, though some modern Latgalians prefer latgaļi ) – latgalīši in Latgalian, sometimes latgali – Latgalians, Latgallians, or Lettigalls in English, and are sometimes referred to as čangaļi ( sometimes derogatory – the reference is to a novel, and Latgalians often call other Latvians " čiuļi ").
* The language or dialect is called Latgalian.
* From 2004 on, the Latgalian language is the subject of the biggest sociolinguistic / ethnolinguistic poll in Europe, held by the Rēzekne Augstskola and the Centre d ' Étude Linguistiques Pour l ' Europe.
Originally the territory of what is now Latgale was populated by Eastern Baltic tribes, whose language became the basis for both modern Latgalian and standard Latvian.
Since the cultural revival of Latgalians in 1988, there is a tendency in Latgalian literature and media to follow Latvians in their use of both names.
The Light of Latgale () is a Latgalian regionalist political party in Latvia.
Latgalian and known
The term Latgalians ( Latgalian: latgalīši, latgali, ( also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians ) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale ( especially those who speak the Latgalian language ), or to the ancient Baltic tribe.
Latgalian and have
In the lands of the Western and the Eastern Latgalians, about 80 flat cemeteries of Western Latgalian origin have been excavated, with more than 2000 burials uncovered.
Archaeological excavations have also been carried out on the hillforts of Ķente, Koknese, Sārumkalns, Tanīskalns, as well as on other Latgalian sites.
Only a few ( Western ) Latgalian settlements have been excavated ; large scale excavations ( 1960s-1970s ) and reconstruction has been done at the Āraiši lake dwelling site ( 9th century ).
In Latgalian, the terms latgalīši and latgali have been traditionally used as synonyms describing both the ancient and contemporary Latgalians as a part of the same continuum.
Latgalian and at
Many Latgalian public figures sought reunification with the rest of Latvia at the Congress of Rēzekne in 1917, while some preferred autonomy or incorporation in Russia.
Latgalian and from
The Evangelical Lutheran church of Gulbene ( Brivibas St. 13 ) was built on the ancient Latgalian castle mound in place of the later Middle Age brick castle from 1838 – 1843.
During this period the Latgalian dialect was influenced by Polish and developed separately from the Latvian spoken in other parts of Latvia.
The term latgalīši ( in both meanings ) prevailed in Latgalian literature and mass media during the first decades of the 20th century, whereas the term latgali has been consistently used ( also in both meanings ) in Latgalian literature and media published during the 1920s and 1930s in Latvia and from 1940 to 1988 in exile.
Latgalian and hands
* Latgallia (, Latgalian: Latgola ), the part of Livonia still in hands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Treaty of Altmark in 1629, so called Inflanty Voivodeship.
Latgalian and German
Latvian in Latin script was first based upon the German alphabet, while the alphabet of the Latgalian dialect was based on the Polish alphabet.
The Laudohn family, of mixed German and Latgalian origin, had been settled in the estate of Tootzen, near Ļaudona in Eastern Livonia ( present-day Latvia ) before 1432.
Latgalian and Livonian
There are three dialects in Latvian: the Livonian dialect, Latgalian and the Middle dialect.
In 1399 the Livonian Order built a stone fortress atop an older Latgalian fortress and used Ludza as an eastern outpost in Livonia.
Latgalian and .
Because the statue symbolized Latgalian nationalism, the Soviets toppled it in November 1940 during the Soviet occupation of Latvia.
In 1772, Latgale was annexed by the Russian Empire, and in 1865, as part of Russia's anti-Polish policies, a period of Russification was begun, during which the Latgalian language ( written in Latin script ) was forbidden.
This ban was lifted in 1904, and a period of Latgalian reawakening began.
* a Latgalian site with an online Latgalian – Latvian dictionary.
It supports Russian and Latgalian as co-official languages in those municipalities, where there are more than 20 % of their native speakers, and requests to grant Latvian citizenship to all non-citizens of Latvia.
hill and fort
If this etymology is combined with the tradition reported by Geoffrey of Monmouth stating that Ambrosius Aurelianus ordered the building of Stonehenge – which is located within the parish of Amesbury ( and where Ambrosius was supposedly buried ) – and with the presence of an Iron Age hill fort also in that parish, then it may be tempting to connect Ambrosius with Amesbury.
This fort, situated on a steep hill, towers more than 800 ft ( 244 m ) above the eponymous township, and contains the ruins of several temples adorned with elaborately carved sculptures.
In the subsequent battle of Frekastein ( probably one of the 300 hill forts of Södermanland, as stein meant " hill fort ") against Högni and Grammar, all the chieftains on Granmar's side are slain, including Bragi, except for Bragi's brother Dag.
The remains are both burial-sites and buildings, and in the south part of this area, there is also a hill fort called " Borgen " (" The Fortress ").
Hence the ' berg ' element in Bergen relates to a hill, rather than a fort.
This now is identified as Barbury Castle, an Iron Age hill fort in Wiltshire, near Swindon.
Modern archaeologists follow him in rejecting the name, calling it instead Cadbury Castle hill fort.
* Purocoronavis, which may refer to an important native hill fort, such as Carn Brea or Tintagel.
* 1542 – Portuguese under Christovão da Gama capture a Muslim-occupied hill fort in northern Ethiopia in the Battle of Baçente.
The Romans built a military camp, which they called Lousanna, at the site of a Celtic settlement, near the lake where currently Vidy and Ouchy are situated ; on the hill above was a fort called ' Lausodunon ' or ' Lousodunon ' ( The ' y ' suffix is common to many place names of Roman origin in the region ( e. g. ) Prilly, Pully, Lutry, etc .).
Gates came in many forms, from the simple stone buttress and timber blocks described by Avery in his work "' Stoning and Fire ' at hill fort entrances of southern Britain ” ( Avery, Michael, World Archeology, Vol.
Sling bullets of baked clay and stone found at Ham Hill Hillfort | Ham Hill Iron Age hill fort.
Stow-on-the-Wold, originally called Stow St. Edward or Edwardstow after the town's patron saint Edward, probably Edward the Martyr, is said to have originated as an Iron Age fort on this defensive position on a hill.
The site of Avignon was settled very early on ; the rocky outcrop ( le Rocher les Doms ) at the north end of the town, overlooking the Rhône River, may have been the site of a Celtic oppidum or hill fort.
Bathampton Camp may have been an Iron Age hill fort or stock enclosure.
At this time, the Dutch settlers erected some small earthworks and a three-cannon fort above the warehouse, on the hill where Fort George would eventually be built by the English.
The remains of Navarino Vecchio, or ancient Navarino, consist of a fort, covering the summit of a hill sloping quickly to the south, but falling in abrupt precipices to the north and east.
John Trumbull had pointed this out as early as 1776, when a shot fired from the fort was able to reach Defiance's summit, and several officers inspecting the hill noted that there were approaches to its summit where gun carriages could be pulled up the sides.
Nearby was Sodbury Hill, an Iron Age hill fort which was an obvious strategic point for the Lancastrians to seize.
The Silures had hill forts throughout the area – e. g., Caerau ( Cardiff ), Caerau hill fort, Rhiwsaeson ( Llantrisant ), and Y Bwlwarcau
There is a hill overlooking the town called Cross Hill, which has a fort on it with some Victorian cannons and a pair of BL 5. 5 inch Mark I naval guns, that were originally fitted to HMS Hood ; the latter were used to repel a U-Boat German attack during World War II with surprisingly great success-the Germans did not approach the island again.
The capital of Rohan is the hill fort of Edoras which is located on a hill in a valley of the White Mountains.
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