On 19 June 1651, the Polish Army numbered 14, 844 Polish cavalry, 2, 250 German-style cavalry, 11, 900 German-style infantry and dragoons, 2, 950 Hungarian-style infantry ( haiduks ), 1, 550 Lithuanian volunteers, and 960 Lipka Tatars.

Lieutenant General Arvydas Pocius, Lithuanian Armed Forces | Lithunanian Army is invested as Chief of Defense by President of Lithuania | President Dalia Grybauskaite in 2009.

Vilnius changed hands again during the Polish-Soviet War and the Lithuanian Wars of Independence: it was taken by the Polish Army, only to fall to the Soviet forces again.

On 5 February 1668, by now a famed and esteemed commander, he achieved the rank of Grand Hetman of the Crown, the highest military rank in the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth, and thereby the de facto commander-in-chief of the entire Polish Army.

The AK also defended Polish civilians against atrocities committed by non-German military organizations, such as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, the Lituanian Schutzmannschaft battalions and Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force.

The Polish ( Lithuanian and Crown ) Army did have a well-trained young officers corps and artillery, but the newly trained soldiers were not prepared for the rigors of war, nor were eastern Poland's unfinished fortresses and under-supplied military depots ready to offer supplies and refuge to the Polish troops.

In Lithuania, some Lithuanian police led by Algirdas Klimaitis and the Lithuanian partisans — consisting of LAF units reinforced by 3, 600 deserters from 29th Lithuanian Territorial Corps of the Red Army engaged in anti-Jewish pogroms in Kaunas along with occupying Nazis.

During the battles with the Red Army, Lithuanian rebels secured government offices, police stations, shops, warehouses, and attempted to re-establish order in the city.

During most of his adult life, he held a captain's commission in the Free Lithuanian Army.

In 1920, it was again occupied by the Red Army, but Soviets officially recognized the sovereignty of Lithuanian Republic over the city immediately after defeat during Battle of Warsaw.

The republic was created in 1920 following the staged rebellion of soldiers of the 1st Lithuanian – Belarusian Infantry Division of the Polish Army under Lucjan Żeligowski, supported by the Polish air force, cavalry and artillery.

The Lithuanian SSR was supported by the Red Army, but it failed to create a de facto government with any popular support as the Council of Lithuania had successfully done earlier.

Fluent in five languages — Lithuanian, Polish, English, Russian, and German — he served as a senior non-commissioned officer with the United States 5th Army Reserve's military intelligence unit in the 1950s.

In 1919, he served as the newly-independent Lithuania's Minister of Defence before serving with the Lithuanian Army until his decommissioning in 1922.

During the first Soviet occupation, as a result of the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact, Telšiai became infamous for the nearby Rainiai massacre, the mass murder of 76 Lithuanian political prisoners perpetrated by the Red Army during the night of June 24 – 25, 1941.

Vizbor's father was a commander in the Red Army of Lithuanian descent.

After the Battle of Warsaw the Bolshevik forces were defeated and the Polish Army again entered the area under Lithuanian control.

However, the assault was repelled with heavy losses on Lithuanian side and the Polish Army recaptured the town on September 9.

In the mid-1980s, the finals between BC Žalgiris Kaunas and CSKA Moscow ( Central Sports Club of Army ) served as a major inspiration for Lithuanian national revival that contributed to the emergence of the Sąjūdis national movement and re-establishment of state independence.

* Lithuanian Army

Lithuanian Tatars in the Napoleonic Army with Red and White banners of Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth

The marriage took place on 30 April or 16 October 1325 and was a purely political maneuver to strengthen the first Polish – Lithuanian coalition against the Teutonic Knights.

The treaty's signatories include twenty Lithuanian dukes and one dowager duchess ; it specifies that five of these were elder and thus took precedence over the remaining sixteen.

It is claimed that the prototype of Marko Ramius is a Lithuanian Jonas Pleškys who in 1961 took his submarine to Gotland ( Sweden ) instead of the planned destination of Tallinn.

Since no heir had yet been produced by either monarch, the act's implications were unforeseeable, but it forged bonds between the Polish and Lithuanian nobility and a permanent defensive alliance between the two states, strengthening Lithuania's hand for a new war against the Teutonic Order in which Poland officially took no part.

The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth – three partitions which took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth (; ), resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years.

During this campaign he bought captured Lithuanian princes and then apparently took them back to England.

During the Soviet occupation ( see History of Lithuania ), it was used in official discourse along with Russian which, as the official language of the USSR, took precedence over Lithuanian.

Vasili also took advantage of the difficult position of Sigismund of Poland to capture Smolensk, the great eastern fortress of Lithuania ( siege started 1512, ended in 1514 ), chiefly through the aid of the rebel Lithuanian, Prince Mikhail Hlinski, who provided him with artillery and engineers.

On 1 November 1987, a non-sanctioned rally took place near the Kaunas Cathedral Basilica, where people gathered to mark famous Lithuanian poet Maironis ' 125th birthday anniversary.

This bloodline took their name from the Lithuanian god of the dead, Telyavel, having split from rest of Clan Tremere seeking a cure for their vampirism.

In February 1919 the local inhabitants took part in the first free elections to the Polish Sejm, but soon afterwards the German commanders changed their mind and expelled the Polish military units from the area and in May passed it to Lithuanian authority.

Collectivization in the Lithuanian SSR took place between 1947 and 1952.

Lithuanian nobility self-polonised, replacing Lithuanian and Ruthenian languages with Polish although the process took centuries.

The second process, which took place after the end of the 16th century, was introduction of ideas of Christianity into the Lithuanian environment, using Lithuanian culture's symbols and traditions.

The first public Lithuanian performance of the anthem took place in Vilnius in 1905, and it became the official national anthem in 1919, a year after Lithuania declared its independence.

When the House of Piast disappeared and the Lithuanian House of Jagiellon was elected in the figure of the High Duke Jogaila, this monarch took the name of Władysław II, in honour of the previous Polish Kings with this traditional name.

The epithet Salanter was added to his name since most of his schooling took place in Salant ( now the Lithuanian town of Salantai ), where he came under the influence of Rabbi Yosef Zundel of Salant.

He was one of the initiators of, and a participant in, the First Exhibition of Lithuanian Art that took place in 1907 in Vileišis Palace, Vilnius.

The Battle of Stångebro or Battle of Linköping took place at Linköping, Sweden on September 25, 1598, and effectively ended the personal union between Sweden and the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth, that had existed since 1592.

At the age of 23, he married Růžena Hanušová and took up residence in the Lithuanian city of Vilnius where he had obtained a position of choirmaster.

On February 12, 1919, the town became a battlefield for the first skirmish between the Russians and the Lithuanian forces, which eventually took control over it.