At these very high vacuums the effect of photon radiation pressure on the vanes can be observed in very sensitive apparatus ( see Nichols radiometer ) but this is insufficient to cause rotation.

The actual pressure exerted by light is far too small to move these vanes, but can be measured with devices such as the Nichols radiometer.

Pyotr Lebedev was first to successfully demonstrate light pressure, which he did in 1899 with a torsional balance ; Ernest Nichols and Gordon Hull conducted a similar independent experiment in 1901 using a Nichols radiometer.

The pressure is very feeble, but can be detected by allowing the radiation to fall upon a delicately poised vane of reflective metal in a Nichols radiometer ( this should not be confused with the Crookes radiometer, whose characteristic motion is not caused by radiation pressure but by impacting gas molecules ).

Ernest Fox Nichols used a modified Crookes radiometer in an attempt to detect infrared radiation from Arcturus and Vega, but Nichols deemed the results inconclusive.

Coulomb first developed the theory of torsion fibers and the torsion balance in his 1785 memoir, Recherches theoriques et experimentales sur la force de torsion et sur l ' elasticite des fils de metal & c. This led to its use in other scientific instruments, such as galvanometers, and the Nichols radiometer which measured the radiation pressure of light.

* Nichols radiometer

The Nichols radiometer operates on a different principle and is more sensitive than the Crookes type.

The MEMS radiometer, invented by Patrick Jankowiak, can operate on the principles of Nichols or Crooke and can operate over a wide spectrum of wavelength and particle energy levels.

End Gene Raesz, who broke a hand in the Owl's game with LSU, was back working out with Rice Monday, and John Nichols, sophomore guard, moved back into action after a week's idleness with an ankle injury.

A public memorial was held on 27 September 2004 at the Salk Institute, La Jolla, near San Diego, California ; guest speakers included James D. Watson, Sydney Brenner, Alex Rich, Seymour Benzer, Aaron Klug, Christof Koch, Pat Churchland, Vilayanur Ramachandran, Tomaso Poggio, Leslie Orgel, Terry Sejnowski, his son Michael Crick, and his youngest daughter Jacqueline Nichols.

The only one I recognized was the girl playing Nichelle Nichols.

This film was financed by Archibald MacLeish, Fredric March, Florence Eldridge, Lillian Hellman, Luise Rainer, Dudley Nichols, Franchot Tone and other Hollywood movie stars, moguls, and writers who composed a group known as the Contemporary Historians.

Further spurring Kansas City's growth was the opening of the innovative Country Club Plaza development by J. C. Nichols in 1925 as part of his Country Club District plan.

The Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids was established in 1964 by Ross Nichols.

Forensic evidence quickly linked McVeigh and Terry Nichols to the attack ; Nichols was arrested, and within days both were charged.

McVeigh was executed by lethal injection on June 11, 2001, and Nichols was sentenced to life in prison.

Michael and Lori Fortier testified against McVeigh and Nichols ; Michael was sentenced to 12 years in prison for failing to warn the U. S. government, and Lori received immunity from prosecution in exchange for her testimony.

After a nine-hour interrogation, Terry Nichols was formally held in federal custody until his trial.

On April 25, 1995, James Nichols was also arrested, but he was released after 32 days due to lack of evidence.

In March 2005, FBI investigators, acting on a tip, searched a buried crawl space in Nichols ' former house and found additional explosives missed in the preliminary search after Nichols was arrested.

In 2009 Nichols was being held in the ADX Florence Federal Prison.

That same year, Simon and Garfunkel contributed heavily to the soundtrack to Mike Nichols ' film The Graduate, which was released on January 21, 1968, and instantly rose to No. 1 as an album.

Nichols begged him for more but Simon, who was touring constantly, told him he didn't have the time.

Nichelle Nichols, who played Uhura, referred to Kelley as her " sassy gentleman friend "; the friendship between the African-American Nichols and Southern Kelley was a real-life demonstration of the message Roddenberry hoped to convey through Star Trek.

Around this time, McVeigh and Nichols also began making bulk purchases of ammonium nitrate, an agricultural fertilizer, for resale to survivalists, since rumors were circulating that the government was preparing to ban it.

In addition to McVeigh, Terry Nichols was convicted and sentenced in federal court to life in prison for his role in the crime.

FBI investigators used the resulting information gained, along with the fake address McVeigh had been using, to begin their search for the Nichols brothers, Terry and James.

Wallace and Gromit were used to promote a Harvey Nichols store that opened in Bristol ( where Aardman is based ) in 2008.

*" Nyota " was also used as Uhura's first name when Nichols reprised the character in the fan film Star Trek: Of Gods and Men.

However, Shatner and Nichols deliberately flubbed every take of the shot without the kiss so that they could not be used.

Nowadays, the name Nichols or Nichols Field ( along with Villamor ) is used as an accepted nickname for the area surrounding it.

He sometimes used the pseudonyms " Scott Nichols ", " Gerald MacDow ", and " Arthur R.

Nichols had always insisted on wearing a skirt ; although the standard female uniform used slacks, the costume designer created a skirted version specifically for her.

Between Farley ’ s appointment as co-editor of the project in 1770 and the final publication of the Domesday Book in two volumes in 1783, Nichols assisted Farley in printing and proof-reading the text, and also designed the special typeface that was to be used.

Terry Nichols Clark ( University of Chicago ) has used Florida's own data-sets to question the correlation between the presence of significant numbers of gay men in a city and the presence of high-technology knowledge industries.

For design of control systems, any of the three types of plots Nyquist, Nichols can be used to infer closed-loop stability and stability margins ( gain and phase margins ) from the open-loop frequency response, provided that for the Bode analysis the phase-versus-frequency plot is included.

In a May 2005 letter that he wrote to a relative of two of the victims, Nichols claimed that an Arkansas gun dealer also conspired in the 1995 bombing plot by donating some of the explosives that were used.

In the same affidavit, Nichols admitted that he and McVeigh stole eight cases of the gel type explosive Tovex from a Marion, Kansas quarry, some of which was later used in the Oklahoma City truck bomb.

The concept was proposed by Johanna Nichols in 1986, and has come to be widely used as a basic category in linguistic typology.

Nichols did not invent the practice, but he used it to effectively bar ethnic minorities from living in his properties during the first half of the century.

In 1992 Long Island residents Preston B. Nichols and Peter Moon wrote a science fiction book The Montauk Project: Experiments in Time ( ISBN 0-9631889-0-9 ) in which it was claimed the radar was used by the government to conduct time travel experiments.

and Apartment 3-G, used the pen name " Paul Nichols " when writing the strip.

* This term has also been used by U. S. Defense Department strategist Thomas Nichols to describe the launching of early-model submarine launched ballistic missiles, as it was impossible to target them properly due to difficulties in precisely determining the position of the launching submarine.

Nichols had also suffered a slash to the throat and abdominal wounds, and a blade of similar size and design had been used.

The body was conveyed later that day to Whitechapel mortuary in the same police ambulance, which was a handcart just large enough for one coffin, used for Nichols by Sergeant Edward Badham.

He developed his performing skills further during his national service with the Combined Services Entertainment unit, working alongside comedy actor Kenneth Williams, film director John Schlesinger and dramatist Peter Nichols, who used the experience as the basis for his play Privates on Parade.