* 1846 – The Papal conclave of 1846 concludes.

* 1978 – Pope John Paul II is elected after the October 1978 Papal conclave.

* Papal conclave, September 1590

* Papal conclave, 1691

* Papal conclave, 1700

* Papal conclave, a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church

Today it is the site of the Papal conclave, the process by which a new Pope is selected.

It was here that the Papal Schism was ended and Pope Martin V was elected during the only conclave ever held north of the Alps.

As Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals ( from April 1463 ), he presided over the Papal conclave, 1464 and Papal conclave, 1471.

* Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 1958

* Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 1963

Cardinal Spellman's galero was also worn by Pope Pius XII ( as Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli ) until the latter's election to the papacy at the 1939 Papal conclave.

* Papal conclave, 2005

In order to rally Gian Gastone to its cause, Spain, concerned that another Medicean cardinal — Gian Gastone's uncle, Francesco Maria de ' Medici, already enjoyed that dignity — would tip the scales in favour of France at a Papal conclave, offered to create him " General of the Spanish Seas ".

Julius II had just died, and he needed to be present for the ensuing Papal conclave.

* Papal conclave ( 2005 )

On Ratzinger's election as Pope in the 2005 conclave, it fell to Sodano to perform the functions allotted to the Dean at the end of the conclave ( asking the pope-elect if he accepted the election, and then asking what name the new pope wanted to use ) and at Benedict XVI's Papal Inauguration.

* Papal conclave, 1769

* Papal conclave, 1774-1775

* Papal conclave, 1978 ( October )

Part One deals with matters during a Sede Vacante ( between the time of the Pope's death and the Papal conclave ), such as what issues can be handled by the College of Cardinals and which ones must be left to the future Pope.

And if he did stand on the margins of modernity, it was not in dying a martyr for such unity as Papal supremacy might be able to force on Western Christendom.

By a unique Papal dispensation, Absalon was allowed to simultaneously maintain his post as Bishop of Roskilde.

He was a harsh and effective ruler, who cleared all Orthodox Christian liturgic remnants in favour of Papal standards.

But, her will was invalidated by Parlement in 1274 One specific bequest in Alphonse's will, giving his wife's lands in the Comtat Venaissin to the Holy See, was allowed, and it became a Papal territory, a status that it retained until 1791.

The Pope thought of using Cem as a tool to drive the Turks out of Europe, but, as the Papal Crusade failed to come to fruition, Cem was left to languish and die in a Neapolitan prison.

Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services.

Their family is notable for their bitter feud with the Orsini family over influence in Rome until it was stopped by Papal Bull in 1511 ; in 1571 the Chiefs of both families married nieces of Pope Sixtus V.

In June 1376 Catherine went to Avignon herself as ambassador of Florence to make peace with the Papal States, but was unsuccessful.

Although he was an immensely capable general and statesman, Cesare would have trouble maintaining his domain without continued Papal patronage.

However, when his father died, and a rival to the Borgia family entered the Papal seat, Cesare was overthrown in a matter of months.

The council's main purpose was to end the Papal schism which had resulted from the confusion following the Avignon Papacy.

Prince Malatesta immediately informed the Council that he was empowered by a commission from Pope Gregory XII to resign the Papal Throne on the Pontiff's behalf.

Whatever the true motive, the idea of a contract between King and people was advanced to the Pope as an excuse for Bruce's coronation whilst John de Balliol still lived in Papal custody.

In 1431, after a period during which he fought again for the Papal States, he led the Milanese army against Venice ; the following year the duke's daughter, Bianca Maria, was betrothed to him.

The allegiance of mercenary leaders was dependent, of course, on pay ; in 1433-1435, Sforza led the Milanese attack on the Papal States, but when he conquered Ancona, in the Marche, he changed sides, obtaining the title of vicar of the city directly from Pope Eugene IV.

Gioachino Antonio Rossini was born into a family of musicians in Pesaro, a town on the Adriatic coast of Italy which was then part of the Papal States.

He was appointed grand penitentiary shortly after election of Pope Innocent VI in December 1352 and given the epithet " Angel of Peace ", a title which quickly became a sad misnomer as his future actions in the Papal States would drench the Italian countryside in blood from the River Po until the Garigliano.

The relentless work of Albornoz ushered in a decade of warfare and atrocity culminating in the massacre of Cesena, a town faithful to the Papal cause who's entire population was executed by the Papal forces while paving the way of Urban V to Rome ( 1367 ).

The Papal State was itself far from completely pacified ; a savage and devastating war went on from 1361 to 1367 between Rome and Velletri while in 1366-7 there was a general rebellion in Campagna.

Palestrina was born in the town of Palestrina, near Rome, then part of the Papal States.

In Roman Catholicism, the Pope was once Sovereign Pontiff and head of state, first, of the politically important Papal States.