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A Shetland " guddick " ( riddle ) in Norn, which Jakob Jakobsen heard told on Unst, the northernmost island in Shetland, in the 1890s.
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Shetland and Norn
* Norn, an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in Shetland and Orkney, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, and in Caithness.
Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in the Northern Isles ( Orkney and Shetland ) off the north coast of mainland Scotland and in Caithness in the far north of the Scottish mainland.
Shetland toponymy bears some resemblance to that of northwest Norway, while Norn vocabulary implies links with more southerly Norwegian regions.
Orkney and Shetland were pledged to James III in 1468 and 1469 respectively, and it is with these pledges that the replacement of Norn with Scots is most associated.
Despite this, the process by which Scots overtook Norn as the primary spoken language on the islands was not a swift one, and most natives of Orkney and Shetland likely spoke Norn as a first language until the late 16th and early-to-mid 17th centuries respectively.
Sources from the 17th and 18th centuries speak of Norn ( sometimes identified as " Norse ", " Norwegian " or " Danish ") as being in a state of decline and generally indicate that the language remained stronger in Shetland than in Orkney.
It was said in 1703 that the people of Shetland generally spoke English, but that " many among them retain the ancient Danish Language "; while in 1750 Orkney-born James Mackenzie wrote that Norn was not yet entirely extinct, being " retained by old people ", who still spoke it among each other.
The isolated islands of Foula and Unst are variously claimed as the last refuges of the language in Shetland, where there were people " who could repeat sentences in Norn, probably passages from folk songs or poems, as late as 1893.
Even less is known about " Caithness Norn " than about Orkney and Shetland Norn.
Michael Barnes, professor of Scandinavian Studies at University College London, has published a study, The Norn Language of Orkney and Shetland.
* Shetland Norn:
The modern descendants of the Old West Norse dialect are the West Scandinavian languages of Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian and the extinct Norn language of the Orkney and the Shetland Islands ; the descendants of the Old East Norse dialect are the East Scandinavian languages of Danish and Swedish.
An additional language, known as Norn, developed on Orkney and Shetland after Vikings had settled there around 800 AD, but this language became extinct around 1700.
Lerwick is a name with roots in Old Norse and its local descendant, Norn, which was spoken in Shetland until the mid-19th century.
Another example is the influence of the now extinct North Germanic Norn language on the Scots dialects of the Shetland and Orkney islands.
Historians believe this saved the two countries from losing their languages, as it happened with the Norn language in Shetland and Orkney.
It would have been closely related to the Norn language of Orkney and Shetland.
Shetland and which
Most brochs have scarcements ( ledges ) which would have allowed the construction of a very sturdy wooden first floor ( first spotted by the antiquary George Low in Shetland in 1774 ), and excavations at Loch na Berie on the Isle of Lewis show signs of a further, second floor ( e. g. stairs on the first floor, which head upwards ).
On the Danish flag, the cross design, which represents Christianity, was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries ; Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Åland Islands and the Faroe Islands, as well as the Scottish archipelagos of Shetland and Orkney.
** Shetland fiddling, which includes trowie tunes said to come from peerie folk.
Shetland's relative proximity to occupied Norway resulted in the Shetland Bus by which fishing boats helped Norwegians flee the Nazis, and expeditions across the North Sea to assist resistance.
( An exception is the " auld reel " of Shetland which tends to irregular structure and may have been influenced by the Norwegian halling.
In 43 and 77 AD the Roman authors Pomponius Mela and Pliny the Elder referred to the seven islands they call Haemodae and Acmodae respectively, both of which are assumed to be Shetland.
In early Irish literature, Shetland is referred to as Inse Catt —" the Isles of Cats ", which may have been the pre-Norse inhabitants ' name for the islands.
The highest point of Shetland is Ronas Hill, which only reaches and the Pleistocene glaciations entirely covered the islands.
In addition Mackerel, which makes up more than half of the catch in Shetland by weight and value, there are significant landings of Haddock, Cod, Herring, Whiting, Monkfish and shellfish.
Shetland's access to oil revenues has funded the Shetland Charitable Trust which in turn funds a wide variety of local programmes.
Shetland is also home to the North Atlantic Fisheries College, the Centre for Nordic Studies and Shetland College, which are all associated with the University of the Highlands and Islands.
Shetland is represented in the House of Commons as part of the Orkney and Shetland constituency, which elects one Member of Parliament, the current incumbent being Alistair Carmichael.
Shetland competes in the biennial International Island Games, which it hosted in 2005.
The Methodist Church has a relatively high membership in Shetland, which is a District of the Methodist Church ( with the rest of Scotland comprising a separate District ).
Hugh MacDiarmid, the Scots poet and writer lived in Whalsay from the mid-1930s through 1942, and wrote many poems there, including a number that directly address or reflect the Shetland environment such as " On A Raised Beach ", which was inspired by a visit to West Linga.
The Shetland Field Mouse is the third and the archipelago's fourth endemic subspecies, of which there are three varieties on Yell, Foula and Fair Isle.
There are a variety of indigenous breeds, of which the diminutive Shetland Pony is probably the best known as well as being an important part of the Shetland farming tradition.
Others are the Shetland Sheepdog or " Sheltie ", the endangered Shetland Cattle and Shetland Goose and the Shetland Sheep which is believed to have originated prior to 1000 AD.
Shetland and heard
Some Shetland fiddle tunes are said to have come to human fiddlers when they heard the trows playing.
Shetland and told
Due to the practice, dating to at least the early Neolithic, of building in stone on virtually treeless islands, Shetland is extremely rich in physical remains of the prehistoric eras and there are over 5, 000 archaeological sites all told.
Shetland is also extremely rich in physical remains of the prehistoric eras and there are over 5, 000 archaeological sites all told.
Shetland and on
The Shetland Amenity Trust lists about 120 sites in Shetland as candidate brochs, while The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland identifies a total of 571 candidate broch sites throughout the country.
Some of them were sited beside precipitous cliffs and were protected by large ramparts, artificial or natural: a good example is at Burland near Gulberwick in Shetland, on a clifftop and cut off from the mainland by huge ditches.
In Shetland they sometimes cluster on each side of narrow stretches of water: the broch of Mousa, for instance, is directly opposite another at Burraland in Sandwick.
There are five extant examples of towers with significantly higher walls: Dun Carloway on Lewis, Dun Telve and Dun Troddan in Glenelg, Mousa in Shetland and Dun Dornaigil in Sutherland, all of whose walls exceed 6. 5 m ( 21 ft ) in height.
As in the case of Old Scatness in Shetland ( near Jarlshof and Burroughston on Shapinsay, brochs were sometimes located close to arable land and a source of water ( some have wells or natural springs rising within their central space ).
Sometimes, on the other hand, they were sited in wilderness areas ( e. g. Levenwick and Culswick in Shetland, Castle Cole in Sutherland ).
Brochs are often built beside the sea ( Carn Liath, Sutherland ); sometimes they are on islands in lochs ( e. g. Clickimin in Shetland ).
Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof: The Crucible of Iron Age Shetland is a combination of three broch sites in Shetland that are on the United Kingdom " Tentative List " of possible nominations for the UNESCO World Heritage Programme list of sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humankind.
An example is to be found on the uninhabited island of Vementry on the north side of the West Mainland, where it appears that the cairn may have originally been circular and its distinctive heel shape added as a secondary development, a process repeated elsewhere in Shetland.
The island is administratively part of Shetland and lies south-west of Sumburgh Head on the Mainland of Shetland and north-east of North Ronaldsay, Orkney.
Fair Isle ( Feedero ) depicted close to Shetland ( Hetlandia ) on the 1539 Carta Marina
The dumping of waste at Bellingshausen, a Russian Base on King George Island ( South Shetland Islands ) | King George Island, demonstrated the need for environmental regulation in Antarctica
* " Make Me a Pallet on the Floor " / " Shetland Pony Blues " ( 1967 )
A midden site at West Voe on the south coast of Mainland, dated to 4320 – 4030 BC, has provided the first evidence of Mesolithic human activity on Shetland.
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