* The Solemn League and Covenant 25 September 1643

* Full text of The Solemn League and Covenant 25 September 1643

Charles reluctantly promised that he would abide by the terms of a treaty agreed between him and the Scots Parliament at Breda, and support the Solemn League and Covenant, which authorised Presbyterian church governance across Britain.

King Charles I negotiated a " cessation " in Ireland, which allowed him to reinforce his armies with English regiments which had been sent to Ireland following the Irish Rebellion of 1641, but Parliament took an even greater step by signing the Solemn League and Covenant, sealing an alliance with the Scottish Covenanters.

He calculated that his alliance with the Scottish Presbyterian Covenanters and his signing of the Solemn League and Covenant would encourage English Presbyterians to support him against the English Independent faction which had grown in power over the last few years.

People reportedly " pranced around May poles as a way of taunting the Presbyterians and Independents " and " burned copies of the Solemn League and Covenant ".

From 1641 to 1643, and again from 1647 to 1650, he was chancellor of the university of Oxford ; in 1648 he removed some of the heads of houses from their positions because they would not take the Solemn League and Covenant, and his foul language led to the remark that he was more fitted " by his eloquence in swearing to preside over Bedlam than a learned academy ".

In April 1645, Lilburne resigned from the Army, because he refused to sign the Presbyterian Solemn League and Covenant, on the grounds that the covenant deprived those who might swear it of freedom of religion, namely members of the parliamentary army.

Category: English subscribers to the Solemn League and Covenant 1643

Yet, they didn't have the military might that King Charles I ( and his nobles ) had, so they solicited the help of the Scottish with the Solemn League and Covenant that promised to impose the Presbyterian religion on the Church of England.

Though Parliament won, it was clear to the Scots that it was not going to uphold the Solemn League and Covenant by imposing Presbyterianism on England ( Puritanism wasn't quite Presbyterian ), so the New Model Army, Parliament and the Scots began falling apart.

He was a key organizer of the loans and taxes that Parliament needed, to fund its army and fight the King, and he negotiated the Solemn League and Covenant that gained the support of Scottish Presbyterians.

* The Corporation Act ( 1661 )-This first of the four statutes which made up the Clarendon Code required all municipal officials to take Anglican communion, and formally reject the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643.

* Corporation Act ( 1661 )-This first of the four statutes which made up the Clarendon Code required all municipal officials to take Anglican communion, and formally reject the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643.

Title page of the Solemn League and Covenant.

Plaque marking the signing of the Solemn League and Covenant by Charles II of England | Charles II.

The Solemn League and Covenant was an agreement between the Scottish Covenanters and the leaders of the English Parliamentarians.

After some haggling a document called the " Solemn League and Covenant " was drawn up.

Not all those on the parliamentarian side were happy with this arrangement and some, like John Lilburne, chose to leave the parliamentary armies rather than take the oath prescribed in the Act enforcing the Solemn League and Covenant.

The Scottish Covenants persuaded the exiled Charles II of England to agree to the terms of the Solemn League and Covenant in the Treaty of Breda ( 1650 ).

However the defeat of the Royalist and Scottish army at the Battle of Worcester in 1651 ended the relevance of the Solemn League and Covenant as the power of the Presbyterians was broken on both sides of the border.

After the Restoration the English Parliament passed the Sedition Act 1661, which declared that the Solemn League and Covenant was unlawful, was to be abjured by all persons holding public offices, and was to be burnt by the common hangman.

* The Solemn League and Covenant British Civil Wars website

Solemn League and Covenant

After his death, the song " Solemn Prayer ", on which Khan provided vocals, was used on the Peter Gabriel song " Signal to Noise " ( on the album Up ), and on the soundtrack to the Martin Scorsese film Gangs of New York.

For instance, that of the Shunzhi Emperor was " The Emperor of Order who Observes the Heavenly Rituals with a Solemn Fate, Destined to Unify, Establishes with Extreme Talented Insights, Admires the Arts, Manifests the Might, with Great Virtue and Vast Achievement, Reaches Humanity, Purely Filial " ( 體天隆運定統建極英睿欽文顯武大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝,: tǐ tiān lóng yùn dìng tǒng jiàn jí yīng ruì qīn wén xiǎn wǔ dà dé hóng gōng zhì rén chún xiào zhāng huáng dì ).

Pusey House celebrated its 125th anniversary of foundation on 31 October 2009, with a Solemn High Mass at which the preacher was Fr Robin Ward, Principal of St Stephen's House.

While the office of subdeacon was abolished in the Anglican Church at the time of the Reformation, certain churches and communities in the Anglican Communion and within the Anglican Continuing Churches assign a layperson to act as subdeacon in the celebration of the liturgy of the mass or Holy Eucharist ( especially Solemn High Mass ).

On December 20, 1943, a Solemn Pontifical Mass of Requiem was offered for Butch O ' Hare at the St. Louis Cathedral.

Solemn homage was asked on the part of the king, and the mission of propagating the new devotion was especially confided to the religious of the Visitation and to the priests of the Society of Jesus.

This was refused on the ground that neither of them had taken the Solemn League and Covenant.

Called before the Committee of Both Kingdoms, on 6 March 1644, he explained that he believed that Charles I was now being influenced by Roman Catholic influences ( Catholics were increasingly prominent at Charles ' court, and he had recently signed a truce with Irish Catholic rebels ) and that he believed Charles had no intention of " promoting or preserving ... the Protestant religion and the liberties of the kingdom " and that he therefore believed the parliamentary cause was just, and he offered to take the Solemn League and Covenant.

Donald Cargill ( 1619 – 27 July 1681 ) was a Scottish Covenanter who worked to uphold the principles of the National Covenant of 1638 and Solemn League and Covenant of 1643 to establish and defend Presbyterianism.

Was no longer functioning by the reign of Charles I of England, when compulsory attendance at Christ's Hospital was enforced, despite continued Papal adherence by locals -- this was to be broken entirely by Parliament's alliance with the Scottish Solemn League and Covenant that invaded the village.

Among the other changes he made and that were included in the 1962 Missal were: adding St. Joseph's name to the Roman Canon ; eliminating the second Confiteor before Communion ; suppressing 10 feasts, such as St. Peter's Chair in Rome ( or, more accurately, combining both feasts of St Peter's Chair into one, as they originally had been ); incorporating the abolition of 4 festal octaves and 9 vigils of feasts and other changes made by Pope Pius XII ; and modifying rubrics especially for Solemn High Masses.

In the Roman Rite this evolved into a form of Solemn High Mass celebrated by a bishop accompanied by a deacon, subdeacon, assistant deacons, thurifer, acolyte ( s ) and other ministers, under the guidance of a priest acting as Master of Ceremonies.

was duly initiated into the Solemn Mysteries of the

Know ye, that .................... on the ..... day of ....., aboard .............. appeared at the equator at Latitude .....°, Longitude .....° entering into Our Royal Domain, and having been inspected and found worthy by My Royal Staff and was initiated into the Solemn Mysteries of the Ancient Order of the Deep.

Although the numbers of casualties were relatively small ( 1, 300 Royalists and 1, 200 Parliamentarians ), historians who have studied the battle consider it to be one of the most crucial of the First English Civil War, marking the high point of the Royalist advance and leading to the signing of the Solemn League and Covenant, which brought the Scottish Covenanters into the war on the side of Parliament and led to the eventual victory of the Parliamentarian cause.

The OAU Council of Ministers was tapped to work on this and in June 2000, the Assembly of Heads of States and Government meeting in Lomé, Togo, adopted the CSSDCA Solemn Declaration, which ultimately brought the whole process into the focus of what would become the Africa Union.

He rose to become a commander of the Scottish army from 1644 to 1646 and fought for the Solemn League and Covenant, which bound both the Scottish and English parliaments together against the Royalist forces in the Three Stuart Kingdoms.

The name Covenant was a direct reference to the Solemn League and Covenant signed by the Scottish Covenanters of the 16th and 17th centuries.

* 1643: 25 September: an alliance between the English Parliament and the Scottish Covenanters — the Solemn League and Covenant — declared.

The high Parliamentarian feelings after Newbury led to the signing of the Solemn League and Covenant, bringing a powerful Scottish army down to assault the Royalists.

They supported the English Parliamentarians in the First English Civil War in return for the Long Parliament agreeing to the Solemn League and Covenant, which promised reform in England and support for the Scottish church settlement.

The Scottish Presbyterian community was also disadvantaged by the Interregnum regime, as most of them had taken the Solemn League and Covenant and had fought with the Scots against the Parliament in the Third English Civil War ( 1649 – 50 ).