Stoutly defending his action, Gates later explained that he decided, with the concurrence of Eisenhower and Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, to call the alert when he became aware of the belligerent position Khrushchev intended to take when the summit convened the next day.

They had given him a frightening insight into the harshness of the modern state at its most belligerent — the tax-gathering role — but this should have come as no surprise to an imaginative man who had made it his business to study the state in theory and in practice.

In every war of the United States since the Civil War the South was more belligerent than the rest of the country.

During World War II, through February 1945, when Turkey was neutral for most of the length of the conflict, the Dardanelles were closed to the ships of the belligerent nations.

This allowed for awards where U. S. service members might be involved in an armed conflict where the United States was not a belligerent.

At the time of the Executive Order, for example, the U. S. was not a belligerent in Vietnam, so U. S. advisers serving with the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces would not have been eligible for the award.

" Related to " revanchism ", the belligerent will to take revenge against Germany and retake control of Alsace-Lorraine, nationalism was sometimes opposed to imperialism.

Strength Thru Oi !, an album compiled by Bushell and released in May 1981, stirred controversy, especially when it was revealed that the belligerent figure on the cover was a neo-Nazi jailed for racist violence ( Bushell claimed ignorance ).

Syria was an active belligerent in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, which resulted in Israel's occupation of the Golan Heights and the city of Quneitra.

The historian George Herring has said that while the purchase was somewhat the result of Jefferson and Madison's " shrewd and sometimes belligerent diplomacy ", that it " is often and rightly regarded as a diplomatic windfall — the result of accident, luck, and the whim of Napoleon Bonaparte.

The Decree called " upon all the belligerent nations and their governments to start immediate negotiations for peace " and proposed an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I. Leon Trotsky was appointed Commissar of Foreign Affairs in the new Bolshevik government.

As a further proof, Dumézil cites the story of Tullus Hostilius ( the most belligerent of the Roman kings ), who was killed by Juppiter with a lightning bolt ( indicating that he did not enjoy the god's favour ).

The embargo was imposed in response to violations of U. S. neutrality, in which American merchantmen and their cargo were seized as contraband of war by the belligerent European navies.

He prevailed over the isolationists, and on November 4 the Neutrality Act of 1939 was passed, allowing for arms trade with belligerent nations on a cash-and-carry basis, thus in effect ending the arms embargo.

" A person who was a part of or substantially supported al-Qaeda, the Taliban, or associated forces that are engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners, including any person who has committed a belligerent act or has directly supported such hostilities in aid of such enemy forces.

The mood in England was rather belligerent towards the Dutch.

The original definition meant that this was handed over by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement, or as a preventive measure against certain acts of war.

Mayer argues that Joseph was an excessively belligerent, expansionist leader, who sought to make the Habsburg monarchy the greatest of the European powers.

Suitably impressed by Spanish firearms and artillery, Rajah Humabon suggested that Magellan project power to cow Lapu-Lapu, who was being belligerent against his authority.

Sharaf writes that Reich was regularly viewed as paranoid, remote, belligerent, and fanatical, and there were rumors starting in the late 1920s that he was mentally ill and had been hospitalized, though Sharaf writes that he had not.

Sam, on the other hand, was extremely violent and belligerent, not at all a pushover like Fudd.

In the weeks that immediately followed the February Revolution it appeared that this was to be the case, with the Government passing legislation that led even Lenin, one of its biggest critics, to declare Russia " the freest of all the belligerent countries ".

" To ensure that its mission was widely accepted, it required a body of rules to govern its own activities and those of the involved belligerent parties.

* Leonard " Oz " Osborne ( Jimmy Nail )-Oz, in the original series was a loud, belligerent, abrasive, drunken Geordie lout who showed no fidelity towards his wife or concern for his son.

The deniability can be important to keep the state actor from being tainted by the actions, to allow the state actor to negotiate in apparent good faith by claiming they are not responsible for the actions of parties who are merely sympathizers, or to avoid being accused of belligerent actions or war crimes.

Palmerston decided to recognise the Confederacy as a belligerent and to receive their unofficial representatives ( although he decided against recognising the South as a sovereign state because he thought this would be premature ).

Generally, human rights are understood to regulate the relationship between states and individuals in the context of ordinary life, while humanitarian law regulates the actions of a belligerent state and those parties it comes into contact with, both hostile and neutral, within the context of an armed conflict.

Louvois ( 1641 – 1691 ), Louis XIV's belligerent secretary of state at the height of his powers.

A sovereign state that reserves the right to become a belligerent if attacked by a party to the war is in a condition of armed neutrality.

At the time of his birth, the kingdom of Goguryeo had grown to be a powerful and belligerent state, constantly warring with its neighbours, Chinese states to its north and west, and its fellow Korean kingdoms Silla and Baekje to its southeast and southwest respectively.

An interesting use of the term arose during the American Civil War, when the Confederate States of America, though not recognized as a sovereign state, was recognized as a belligerent power, and thus Confederate warships were given the same rights as United States warships in foreign ports.

Subsequent to Kuwait's independence from Britain in June 1961, President Abd al-Karim Qasim directed belligerent speeches against the oil-rich Gulf state, declaring it an integral component of sovereign Iraq.

For example, during the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America was not recognized as a sovereign state, but it was recognized as a belligerent power, and thus Confederate warships were given the same rights as United States warships in foreign ports.

For example, during the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America was not recognized as a sovereign state, but it was recognized as a belligerent power, and thus Confederate warships were given the same rights as United States warships in foreign ports.

A neutral state may also allow its citizens to serve in the armed forces of other, possibly belligerent, nations.

The ecclesiastical hat replaces the helmet and crest, because those were considered too belligerent for men in the clerical state.

, ( angaria ), the office of an, courier or messenger ), the name given to the right of a belligerent ( most commonly, a government or other party in conflict ) to seize and apply for the purposes of war ( or to prevent the enemy from doing so ) any kind of property on belligerent territory, including that which may belong to subjects or citizens of a neutral state.

Once the most powerful state of Sulawesi, Boni came under Dutch influence in 1666 as they sought to protect themselves from neighbouring belligerent states.

If the action is a police action, then these tactics would fall within the laws of the state initiating the pseudo, but if such actions are taken in a civil war or during a belligerent military occupation then those who participate in such actions would not be privileged belligerents.

::: Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands of the one part and France on the other, and the duty and interest of the United States require that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent powers:

In 1939 the Viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, declared India a belligerent state on the side of the Allies without consulting Indian political leaders or the elected provincial representatives.