Chlordiazepoxide 5 mg capsules, which are sometimes used as an alternative to diazepam for benzodiazepine withdrawal.

The most notable are alcohol withdrawal and benzodiazepine withdrawal but other drug withdrawals both from licit and illicit drugs can sometimes cause delirium.

Flurazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine and is sometimes used in patients who have difficulty in maintaining sleep.

Phenobarbital is sometimes indicated for alcohol and benzodiazepine detoxification for its sedative and anticonvulsant properties.

For this reason, a low dose of a benzodiazepine is often used for several weeks when initiating SSRI / SNRI therapy in order to counteract the initial anxiety caused by the drugs until the therapeutic delay of the SSRI / SNRI is finished and the drug becomes effective.

It is also administered in combination with a benzodiazepine, such as midazolam, to produce procedural sedation for endoscopy, cardiac catheterization, oral surgery, etc., and is often used in the management of chronic pain including cancer pain.

Sometimes anxiety precedes alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence but the alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence acts to keep the anxiety disorders going, often progressively making them worse.

Sometimes anxiety pre-existed alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence, but the dependence was acting to keep the anxiety disorders going and often progressively making them worse.

Dependence on benzodiazepines such as nitrazepam or temazepam often occurs due to discharging patients from hospital on benzodiazepines who were started on benzodiazepine hypnotics in hospital.

In the patients that do achieve lasting ( longer than six months ) abstinence from opioids, over 40 % become addicted to alcohol and / or benzodiazepine drugs, and a small percentage become addicted to amphetamines, cocaine, or marijuana, with over 50 % of those remaining abstinent from opioids as per the aforementioned criterion becoming addicted to another drug to the degree of significant medical, psychosocial, or legal consequences, often just as bad as if not worse than the situation of the patient who first sought out opioid replacement therapy, in a phenomenon called cross-addiction.

Because the hydantoins take 15 – 30 minutes to work, a benzodiazepine or barbiturate is often coadministered.

There is a risk of a benzodiazepine withdrawal and rebound syndrome after continuous usage for longer than two weeks, and tolerance and dependence may occur if patients stay under this treatment for longer.

* Tofisopam ( Emandaxin and Grandaxin ) is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative.

However, they are much less toxic than their predecessors, the barbiturates, and death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken ; however, when combined with other central nervous system depressants such as alcohol and opiates, the potential for toxicity and fatal overdose increases.

However, this advantage is offset by the possibility of developing benzodiazepine dependence.

Although major concerns about benzodiazepine tolerance and withdrawal have been raised, there is no evidence for significant dose escalation in patients using benzodiazepines long-term.

Chlordiazepoxide is the most commonly used benzodiazepine for alcohol detoxification, but diazepam may be used as an alternative.

Lorazepam is the only benzodiazepine with predictable intramuscular absorption and it is the most effective in preventing and controlling acute seizures.

Caution is exercised in this situation due to the occasional occurrence of respiratory depression, and it is recommended that benzodiazepine overdose treatment facilities should be available.

* Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine is used to treat many forms of parasomnia.

Another view maintains that cognitive deficits in chronic benzodiazepine users occur only for a short period after the dose, or that the anxiety disorders is the cause of these deficits.

Withdrawal symptoms are the new symptoms that occur when the benzodiazepine is stopped.

Antipsychotics are not recommended for benzodiazepine withdrawal ( or other CNS depressant withdrawal states ) especially clozapine, olanzapine or low potency phenothiazines e. g. chlorpromazine as they lower the seizure threshold and can worsen withdrawal effects ; if used extreme caution is required.

The use of flumazenil is controversial following benzodiazepine overdose.

The association of a past history of benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline is unclear, with some studies reporting a lower risk of cognitive decline in former users, some finding no association and some indicating an increased risk of cognitive decline.

There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of NMDA antagonists for benzodiazepine resistant catatonia.

A diagnosis is verified by a benzodiazepine or barbiturate test.

Morphine withdrawal is considered less dangerous than alcohol, barbiturate, or benzodiazepine withdrawal.

Blood tests, lumbar puncture or toxicology screening can be helpful in specific circumstances suggestive of an underlying cause like alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal, meningitis or drug overdose, but there is insufficient evidence to support their routine use in the work-up of an adult with an apparently unprovoked first seizure.

Temazepam, a strong hypnotic benzodiazepine, is illicitly manufactured in clandestine laboratories ( called jellie labs ) to supply the increasingly high demand for the hypnotic drug internationally.

Lorazepam ( initially marketed under the brand names Ativan and Temesta ) is a high-potency, short-to intermediate-acting, 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine drug that has all six intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative / hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiemetic and muscle relaxant.

Lorazepam is considered to be a short-acting drug which, similar to other benzodiazepines, exerts its therapeutic, as well as adverse, effects via its interaction at benzodiazepine binding sites, which are located on GABA < sub > A </ sub > receptors in the central nervous system.

The magnitude and duration of lorazepam effects are dose-related, meaning larger doses have stronger and longer-lasting effects, because the brain has spare benzodiazepine drug receptor capacity, with single, clinical doses leading only to an occupancy of some 3 % of the available receptors .< ref name =" pmid8395663 ">

The decision may be made to hospitalize high risk patients until remission or to prescribe an additional sedating drug like a benzodiazepine or Chlorprothixene for 2 – 4 weeks of initial treatment with Maprotiline ( until significant remission ).

Until 1983, Lord was employed by Abbott Laboratories, where she authored the successful new drug application for benzodiazepine hypnotic (" ProSom ").

A typical drug is midazolam, a short acting benzodiazepine.

Considering its use as an antidote in benzodiazepine overdoses, orders for flumazenil may serve as a clue or trigger to initiate a more detailed prescription audit in the search for adverse drug events and clinically significant drug interactions related to the use of benzodiazepines.

Pinsky guaranteed her that taking the drug ( as with any benzodiazepine ) in such high doses will eventually cause her to have a seizure.

Nitrazepam is a type of benzodiazepine drug and is marketed in English-speaking countries under the following brand names: Alodorm, Arem, Insoma, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, and Somnite.

Impaired learning and memory occurs due to the action of the drug on benzodiazepine receptors which causes a dysfunction in the cholinergic neuronal system.

A benzodiazepine dependence can develop with a benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome occurring when the drug is stopped or the dose lowered.

Nitrazepam is a long acting benzodiazepine and there is a risk of drug accumulation, even though no active metabolites are formed during metabolism.

Nitrazepam was the most commonly detected benzodiazepine in urine samples in the UK in 1997 suggesting a high liking and preference amongst drug abusers.

Benzodiazepines were implicated in 39 % of suicides by drug poisoning in Sweden, with nitrazepam and flunitrazepam accounting for 90 % of benzodiazepine implicated suicides, in the elderly over a period of 2 decades.

Flurazepam ( marketed under the brand names Dalmane and Dalmadorm ) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.