This account, supported by biologist E. O. Wilson and philosopher Michael Ruse, proposes that the human experience of morality is a by-product of natural selection, a theory philosopher Mark D. Linville calls evolutionary naturalism.

Many experts at the time, including Arthur Galston, the biologist who developed and intensively studied TCDD, opposed herbicidal warfare, due to concerns about the side effects to humans and the environment by indiscriminately spraying the chemical over a wide area.

B. thuringiensis was first discovered in 1901 by Japanese biologist Shigetane Ishiwatari.

The National Speleological Society of the USA was later founded in 1941 ( originally formed as the Speleological Society of the District of Columbia on May 6, 1939 ) and the Swiss Society of Speleology created in 1939 in Geneva, but the first speleological institute in the world was founded in 1920 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, by Emil Racovita, a Romanian biologist, zoologist, speleologist and explorer of Antarctica.

The term was coined in 1958 by the biologist Julian Huxley.

* The Creation: An Appeal To Save Life on Earth, a 2006 book by biologist Edward O. Wilson

Although the concept of consilience in Whewell's sense was widely discussed by philosophers of science, the term was unfamiliar to the broader public until the end of the 20th century, when it was revived in Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, a 1998 book by the humanist biologist Edward Osborne Wilson, as an attempt to bridge the culture gap between the sciences and the humanities that was the subject of C. P. Snow's The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution ( 1959 ).

In 1962, Silent Spring by American biologist Rachel Carson was published.

Hofstadter is related by marriage to the late evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould: Hofstadter's paternal aunt Shirley Hofstadter was married to Gould's maternal uncle Herbert Rosenberg.

* 1961 " Cause and effect in biology: Kinds of causes, predictability, and teleology are viewed by a practicing biologist ".

The term " ecology " () is of a more recent origin and was first coined by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in his book Generelle Morphologie der Organismen ( 1866 ).

In 1962, marine biologist and ecologist Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring helped to mobilize the environmental movement by alerting the public to toxic pesticides, such as DDT, bioaccumulating in the environment.

The name gamete was introduced by the Austrian biologist Gregor Mendel.

" Gossip has also been identified by Robin Dunbar, an evolutionary biologist, as aiding social bonding in large groups.

Other workers made claims disputing the validity of the Luneau video, including a web site discussing the evidence by Colby College biologist Louis Bevier, who stated:

::" And Be Merry " ( Eat Drink and Be Merry for Tomorrow We Die ) A lab biologist, female, takes advantage of her husband going off on an archeology trip, to use the privacy to experiment on herself for rejuvenation by a severe and dangerous method.

The map was popularized in a seminal 1976 paper by the biologist Robert May, in part as a discrete-time demographic model analogous to the logistic equation first created by Pierre François Verhulst.

Meiosis was discovered and described for the first time in sea urchin eggs in 1876 by the German biologist Oscar Hertwig.

The significance of meiosis for reproduction and inheritance, however, was described only in 1890 by German biologist August Weismann, who noted that two cell divisions were necessary to transform one diploid cell into four haploid cells if the number of chromosomes had to be maintained.

The word meme is a shortening ( modeled on gene ) of mimeme ( from Ancient Greek μίμημα mīmēma, " something imitated ", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, " to imitate ", from μῖμος mimos " mime ") and it was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene ( 1976 ) as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena.

Two of the most significant thinkers of the period were biologist Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 82 ), author of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection ( 1859 ), and political scientist Karl Marx ( 1818 – 83 ), author of Das Kapital ( 1867 ).

The term is a transliteration of the Ancient Greek (), meaning " imitator, pretender ", and was used in 1904, by the German evolutionary biologist Richard Semon, best known for his development of the engram theory of memory, in his work Die mnemischen Empfindungen in ihren Beziehungen zu den Originalempfindungen, translated into English in 1921 as The Mneme.

During the 1960s radiation biologist Tikvah Alper and mathematician John Stanley Griffith developed the hypothesis that some transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by an infectious agent consisting solely of proteins.

A biologist by training, he is the author of numerous works on food, agriculture, genetics, and species diversity.

Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild, GBE, GM, FRS ( 31 October 1910 – 20 March 1990 ) was a biologist by training, a cricketer and a member of the prominent Rothschild family.

The Trust ’ s vet and veterinary biologist have both made visits to the captive breeding centre in Ampijoroa, Madagascar, where they spent time screening the captive populations of endangered tortoises and turtles, and training staff in effective sample taking and post-mortem techniques.

" Jerry " Bertrand, a marine biologist by training, who had transferred from the United States Army Corps of Engineers to join the newly formed White House office.

A biologist by training, Harris started his political career as a delegate to the 1978 Hawai ' i State Constitutional Convention.

Odum brought forward the importance of ecology as a discipline that should be a fundamental dimension of the training of a biologist.

Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training.

After raising their six children, James, Nancy, Betsy, Cathy, Laurie and Sally, his wife Elizabeth ( Libby ), a biologist by training, joined the Merrifield laboratory at Rockefeller University where she worked for over 23 years.

They criticized Cobb's work on passage of salmon over dams complaining that he was unqualified to do so because he lacked training as a scientist and was neither a biologist nor an engineer .< sup ></ sup > Complaints about his " science " also reached the news media .< sup ></ sup >

Although a biologist by training, he has worked extensively with archaeologists.

The lead researcher of the UK study, molecular biologist Philippa Darbre, reported that the ester-bearing form of the parabens found in the tumors indicate that they came from something applied to the skin, such as an underarm deodorant, cream or body spray, and stated that the results helped to explain why up to 60 % of all breast tumors are found in just one-fifth of the breast-the upper-outer quadrant, nearest the underarm.

Stephen Jay Gould ( September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002 ) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.

The Mismeasure of Man is a book by Harvard evolutionary biologist, paleontologist, and historian of science Stephen Jay Gould, published in 1981.

As an evolutionary biologist and historian of science, Gould accepted biological variability ( the premise of the transmission of intelligence via genetic heredity ), but opposed biological determinism, which posits that genes determine a definitive, unalterable social destiny for each man and each woman in life and society.

Thomas Hunt Morgan ( September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945 ) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and embryologist and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries relating the role the chromosome plays in heredity.

World Brain is a collection of essays and addresses the English science fiction pioneer, social reformer, evolutionary biologist and historian H. G. Wells written during the period 1936-38.

Francisco Javier Varela García ( September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001 ) was a Chilean biologist, philosopher, and neuroscientist who, together with his teacher Humberto Maturana, is best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology, and for co-founding the Mind and Life Institute to promote dialog between science and Buddhism.

* Richard Jefferson, Australia-based molecular biologist, open source science advocate, founder of CAMBIA

Jacob Bronowski ( 18 January 1908 – 22 August 1974 ) was a Polish-Jewish British mathematician, biologist, historian of science, theatre author, poet and inventor.

* Jacob Bronowski, mathematician, biologist, author and pioneering science broadcaster

* Stephen Jay Gould, paleontologist, evolutionary biologist and science historian

Acharya Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, CSI, CIE, FRS ( Jôgodish Chôndro Boshu ; 30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937 ) was an Indian Bengali polymath: a physicist, biologist, botanist, archaeologist, as well as an early writer of science fiction.

* Paul Martin ( biologist ), American biologist and science writer, co-author with Patrick Bateson

Jack Cohen, FIBiol ( born 19 September 1933 in Norwich ) is a British reproductive biologist also known for his popular science books and involvement with science fiction.

In science, Indeterminism has been promoted by the French biologist Jacques Monod ( Nobel Prize 1965 ) essay " Chance and necessity ".

The movement has received support from noted science bloggers, such as biologist Jonathan Eisen.

From 1913 to 1914 he travelled in Europe and studied plant immunity, in collaboration with the British biologist William Bateson, who helped establish the science of genetics.

* June 22 – Julian Huxley ( died 1975 ), English biologist and populariser of science.

* 23 November-Jagadish Chandra Bose, physicist, biologist, botanist, archaeologist and science fiction writer ( born 1858 ).

Monod was not only a biologist but also a fine musician and esteemed writer on the philosophy of science.

Crown was founded in 1967 when the Chancellor Dean E. McHenry invited biologist Kenneth V. Thimann to come to Santa Cruz and head what would become Crown College and to build the science faculty at UCSC.