Ralph Kimball, a well-known author on data warehousing, is a proponent of an approach to data warehouse design which he describes as bottom-up.

In the bottom-up approach, data marts are first created to provide reporting and analytical capabilities for specific business processes.

Investors can use either a top-down or bottom-up approach.

A bottom-up approach is the piecing together of systems to give rise to grander systems, thus making the original systems sub-systems of the emergent system.

In a bottom-up approach the individual base elements of the system are first specified in great detail.

During the design and development of new products, designers and engineers rely on both a bottom-up and top-down approach.

The bottom-up approach is being utilized when off-the-shelf or existing components are selected and integrated into the product.

However, when it's more important to minimize cost and increase component availability, such as with manufacturing equipment, a more bottom-up approach would be taken, and as many off-the-shelf components ( bolts, gears, bearings, etc ) would be selected as possible.

Re-usability of code is one of the main benefits of the bottom-up approach.

In a bottom-up approach, the individual base elements of the system are first specified in great detail.

This bottom-up approach has one weakness.

Conversely, Psychology defines bottom-up processing as an approach wherein there is a progression from the individual elements to the whole.

According to Ramskov, one proponent of bottom-up approach, Gibson, claims that it is a process that includes visual perception that needs information available from proximal stimulus produced by the distal stimulus.

A bottom-up approach allows for more experimentation and a better feeling for what is needed at the bottom.

Among several countries, the German political system provides one of the purest forms of a bottom-up approach.

The experience of two dictatorships in the country and, after the end of such regimes, emerging calls for the legal responsibility of the “ aidees of the aidees " ( Helfershelfer ) of such regimes also furnished calls for the principle of personal responsibility of any expert for any decision made, this leading to a strengthening of the bottom-up approach, which requires maximum responsibility of the superiors.

The advantage of the bottom-up approach is the level of expertise provided, combined with the motivating experience of any member of the administration to be responsible and finally the independent “ engine " of progress in that field of personal responsibility.

A bottom-up approach synthesizes the nanowire by combining constituent adatoms.

Most synthesis techniques use a bottom-up approach.

However, the mode of technological development in the field of autonomy has mostly followed a bottom-up approach, such as hierarchical control systems, and recent advances have been largely driven by the practitioners in the field of control science, not computer science.

This new, bottom-up, approach to nanoscience is called Atomoscience and is enabled by the realization of Maxwell's demon.

* Bottom-up approach: Once we formulate the solution to a problem recursively as in terms of its subproblems, we can try reformulating the problem in a bottom-up fashion: try solving the subproblems first and use their solutions to build-on and arrive at solutions to bigger subproblems.

It does not partake in military research and follows a " bottom-up " approach to R & D funding, industry itself deciding which projects should be developed.

Unit testing may reduce uncertainty in the units themselves and can be used in a bottom-up testing style approach.

There is substantial evidence that a " top-down " flow of neural activity ( i. e., activity propagating from the frontal cortex to sensory areas ) is more predictive of conscious awareness than a " bottom-up " flow of activity.

Though it is important to note that in Kimball methodology, the bottom-up process is the result of an initial business-oriented Top-down analysis of the relevant business processes to be modelled.

Known as a top-down formation scenario, this theory is quite simple yet no longer widely accepted because observations of the early universe strongly suggest that objects grow from bottom-up ( i. e. smaller objects merging to form larger ones ).

As with other types of LR parser, an LALR parser is quite efficient at finding the single correct bottom-up parse in a single left-to-right scan over the input stream, because it doesn't need to use backtracking.

Mediation can also be seen as a form of harm reduction or de-escalation, especially in its large-scale application in peace and similar negotiations, or the bottom-up way it is performed in the peace movement where it is often called mindful mediation.

The " bottom-up " processing is basically low-level information that's used to build up higher-level information ( i. e. -shapes for object recognition ).

Syndicalists state that society is to be organised bottom-up based on direct democracy, confederation, workplace democracy and decentralized socialism, and that to get to such a society they may either initiate a general strike through direct action and workplace occupation or-in the case of reformist syndicalists-develop the syndicalist economics alongside the state, in competition to it.

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis ( FMEA ) is a bottom-up, inductive analytical method which may be performed at either the functional or piece-part level.

The goal directing of attention is driven by " top-down " signals from the PFC that bias processing in posterior cortical areas and saliency capture by " bottom-up " control from subcortical structures and the primary sensory cortices.

In many cases top-down is used as a synonym of analysis or decomposition, and bottom-up of synthesis.

A bottom-up process is characterized by an absence of higher level direction in sensory processing, whereas a top-down process is characterized by a high level of direction of sensory processing by more cognition, such as goals or targets.

Theoretical Synthesis also claims that bottom-up processing occurs " when a stimulus is presented long and clearly enough.

A decision by a number of activists, students, or victims of some incident to take action is a " bottom-up " decision.

On the one hand, one could say that this " bottom-up " voluntary convergence does justice to the sovereignty of the states, which is especially important in the field of education.

Hans Moravec wrote in 1988 " I am confident that this bottom-up route to artificial intelligence will one day meet the traditional top-down route more than half way, ready to provide the real world competence and the commonsense knowledge that has been so frustratingly elusive in reasoning programs.

Thus, examining the in-accords is one way to establish whether the interval notation on a particular staff is bottom-up or top-down.

A bottom-up parse discovers and processes that tree starting from the bottom left end, and incrementally works its way upwards and rightwards.