In 1957 this total fell to five when one of the Liberal MPs died and the subsequent by-election was lost to the Labour Party, which selected the former Liberal Deputy Leader Lady Megan Lloyd George as its own candidate.

Under his leadership a Liberal revival began, marked by the Orpington by-election of March 1962 which was won by Eric Lubbock.

Taverne's Lincoln by-election campaign was also helped to a lesser degree by problems with the Conservative candidate, Monday Club chairman Jonathan Guinness.

In the Glasgow Hillhead by-election in March 1982, another candidate named Roy Jenkins was nominated by Labour Party activists to contest the seat in order to confuse voters and split his potential vote.

It was also the first full coalition in Britain since 1945, having been formed 70 years virtually to the day after the establishment of Winston Churchill's wartime coalition, although there had been the " Lib-Lab pact ", an agreement stopping short of a full coalition between the Labour and Liberal parties, from March 1977 until July 1978, when a series of by-election defeats had eroded Labour's majority of three seats which had been gained at the October 1974 election.

He was returned at a by-election on 13 April 1978, an important victory which was seen as halting the rise of the Scottish National Party.

His parliamentary career began when he was elected MP for Bossiney, Devon in a 1581 by-election.

Clyne became chief minister until Eric Gairy was elected in a by-election and took the role in August 1961.

The growing importance of the working classes was marked by Keir Hardie's success in the Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888, leading to the foundation of the Scottish Labour Party, which was absorbed into the Independent Labour Party in 1895, with Hardie as its first leader.

Stephen Milligan was found dead having apparently auto-asphyxiated whilst performing a solitary sex act ( his Eastleigh seat was lost in what was to be an ongoing stream of hefty by-election defeats ).

Fraser was emboldened by a swing to the coalition in a by-election for the Division of Flinders.

Such speculation increased after Labour lost the 1983 Bermondsey by-election, in which Peter Tatchell was its candidate, standing against a Tory, a Liberal ( eventual winner Simon Hughes ) and the right wing John O ' Grady, who had declared himself the " real " Labour candidate and fought an openly homophobic campaign against Tatchell.

In a Outremont by-election in 1942, Trudeau campaigned for the anticonscription candidate Jean Drapeau ( later the Mayor of Montreal ), and he was thenceforth expelled from the Officers ' Training Corps for lack of discipline.

Having failed to win Solihull in 1945, he was elected to the House of Commons in a 1948 by-election as the Member of Parliament for Southwark Central, becoming the " Baby of the House.

He was more successful in 1982, being elected in the Glasgow Hillhead by-election as the MP for a previously Conservative-held seat.

His first was in 1963, when he contested the by-election in Stratford-upon-Avon caused by the resignation of John Profumo.

The SNP was founded in 1934, and has had continuous representation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom since Winnie Ewing's groundbreaking victory at the 1967 Hamilton by-election.

They next won a seat in 1967, when Winnie Ewing was the surprise winner of a by-election in the previously safe Labour seat of Hamilton.

He was first elected to Parliament as a Liberal in a 1908 by-election, and was re-elected by acclamation in a 1909 by-election following his appointment as the first-ever Minister of Labour.

Critically, Labour held on in a subsequent by-election in Darlington and Foot remained leader for the 1983 general election.

Later in 1995, Queensland Labor barely held onto its majority at the 1995 state election before losing it altogether in a 1996 by-election held a week after Keating called a federal election for March.

A by-election for the seat was to be held due to the illness of an elderly Tory, and the master of Magdalene College had obtained agreement that none of the major parties would field a candidate if Keynes chose to stand.

In his final year Heath was President of Balliol College Junior Common Room, an office held in subsequent years by his near-contemporaries Denis Healey and Roy Jenkins, and as such was invited to support the Master of Balliol Alexander Lindsay, who stood as an anti-appeasement ' Independent Progressive ' candidate against the official Conservative candidate, Quintin Hogg, in the Oxford by-election, 1938.

That by-election was held on 24 February ; there were three other candidates, but Gorton achieved a massive 68 % of the formal vote.

The Conservative member for the Orpington constituency, Donald Sumner, had resigned to become a county court judge, and a by-election was held on 15 March 1962, the symbolism of the date being noted as the Ides of March.

He was elected for Abingdon in a by-election in June 1953, but his career was held back by a heart attack he suffered in 1959.

The Fremantle state seat was continuously held by the Australian Labor Party from 1924 until 2009, when it was lost at a by-election to Greens candidate Adele Carles.

If any vacancy occurs during the four-year term 10 local parishioners from the relevant ward can require a by-election to be held, otherwise the other Town Councillors can co-opt an eligible person to be a Councillor.

A by-election ( occasionally also spelled bye-election, and known in the United States and the Philippines as a special election ) is an election held to fill a political office that has become vacant between regularly scheduled elections.

For example, a by-election may be held to fill just the vacancy or all the seats in the constituency become up for grabs in the by-election held.

She won the by-election, on 4 May, with a majority of 3, 311 votes and has held the seat there since, winning in the 2001 and 2005 general elections.

The by-election was announced by chief party whip Geoff Hoon on Wednesday 30 April 2008 and was held on Thursday 22 May 2008.

The election was held on 5 October 1938, and coincided with the Oxford by-election campaign, in which Bowra lent his support to the anti-Appeasement candidate, Sandy Lindsay.

Previously, the seat had been held by Willie Rennie for the Liberal Democrats since the Dunfermline and West Fife by-election in 2006.

Griffith was elected a Sinn Féin MP in the Cavan East by-election of mid-1918 when he asked William O ' Brien to move the writ for his candidacy, and held the seat when Sinn Féin subsequently routed the Irish Parliamentary Party at the 1918 general election.

In March 2008 a further by-election put Conservatives in control but in the council election of May 2011 the lack of Conservative and other parties ' candidates let in a Labour majority before the election was even held.

She was selected as the Labour candidate at the Crewe and Nantwich by-election, held on 22 May 2008, which was triggered by the death of her mother.

The last parliamentary by-election in which the Conservatives had gained a seat previously held by another party was in 1982, in Mitcham and Morden.

Gino Rosati, a Vaughan local councillor, was subsequently appointed by Vaughan Council to fill Di Biase ’ s position as regional councillor and a by-election was held to fill Rosati ’ s local councillor ’ s position which was won by Linda Jackson ( the daughter of former mayor Lorna Jackson ).

Holt stood again for the federal House of Representatives on 17 August 1935, at a by-election for the marginally conservative seat of Fawkner, this time successfully.

Party leader John Burns, who contested the 2000 Dublin South Central by-election, spent only £ 163 on his campaign.

The presidency is currently being filled by President Michael Sata who won the election against Rupiah Banda who was elected in a presidential by-election on 30 October 2008 following the death of Levy Mwanawasa in 2008.

* January – The House of Commons of Great Britain votes on the alleged rigging of the Chippenham by-election.

Sked went on to lose his deposit in the by-election, polling only 601 votes ( 1. 0 %).

Lloyd George was returned as Liberal MP for Carnarvon Boroughs — by a margin of 19 votes — on 13 April 1890 at a by-election caused by the death of the former Conservative member.

He remained a Senator until, in accordance with the Westminster tradition that the Prime Minister is a member of the lower house of parliament, he resigned on 1 February 1968 in order to contest the House of Representatives by-election for the electorate of Higgins in south Melbourne ( necessitated by Holt's death ).

The first Bloquiste candidate to be elected was Gilles Duceppe, then a union organizer, in a by-election for the Montreal riding of Laurier — Sainte-Marie on 13 August 1990.

However the Shepton West ward elected a Liberal Democrat in a by-election on 1 July 2010.

In a 1989 legislative by-election in Dreux, FN candidate Marie-France Stirbois — campaigning on an anti-Islamism platform — returned a symbolic FN presence to the National Assembly.

In the December 1910 election the Liberals again won, though their majority in the Commons was now dependent on MPs from Ireland, who had their own price ( at the election the Liberal and Conservative parties were exactly equal in size ; by 1914 the Conservative Party was actually larger owing to by-election victories ).

Since October 2008 the area has been represented on Camden Council by Liberal Democrat councilor Linda Chung, elected in a by-election to serve alongside Conservatives Kirsty Roberts and Chris Knight.

He won the seat in a by-election on 30 November 1950.

Insisting on his right to abandon his peerage, Benn fought to retain his seat in a by-election caused by his succession on 4 May 1961.

Benn returned to the Commons after winning a by-election on 20 August 1963.

On the day of the by-election, 1 March 1984, The Sun newspaper ran a hostile feature article " Benn on the Couch ", which purported to be the opinions of an American psychiatrist.

The Chartists also stood on forty occasions in general elections, starting with a by-election in Ayrshire in 1838.

He initially opposed Canadian Medicare when it was proposed, but later endorsed it fully following NDP candidate Kenneth Bolton's upset by-election victory on the issue in the London-area riding of Middlesex South.

The subsequent by-election took place on 13 September, where Gemma Welsh ( Scottish Labour ) was elected.