" However, held the Cadillac court, " one who manufactures articles dangerous only if defectively made, or installed, e. g., tables, chairs, pictures or mirrors hung on the walls, carriages, automobiles, and so on, is not liable to third parties for injuries caused by them, except in case of willful injury or fraud ,"

( Since Dirks disclosed the information in order to expose a fraud, rather than for personal gain, nobody was liable for insider trading violations in his case.

Paisley concluded that " Whitacre's fraud case was minuscule as compared to the ADM case Whitacre cooperated with .” " Had it not been for the fraud conviction ," Paisley said, " he would be a national hero.

In another case, Nature allowed a Corrigendum to be published despite clear evidence of image fraud.

In the case of clipped, scraped, or counterfeit coins, the commodity value was reduced by fraud, as the face value remains at the previous higher level.

This tension grew to an all-time high in the Earl of Oxford ’ s case ( 1615 ), where a judgment of Chief Justice Coke was allegedly obtained by fraud.

* March 17 Merrill Lynch, its four former executives and the SEC agree to settle the Enron security fraud case for $ 80 million.

Sentenced on October 21, 2007 to ten years in prison for a US $ 2. 2 billion fraud case that drove the Caribbean nation into an economic crisis in 2003.

The WorldCom bankruptcy proceedings were held before U. S. Federal Bankruptcy Judge Arthur J. Gonzalez who simultaneously heard the Enron bankruptcy proceedings which were the second largest bankruptcy case resulting from one of the largest corporate fraud scandals.

He also won a case against Sideshow Bob, who was Mayor at that time, for electoral fraud, in which Bart and Lisa found evidence connected to it, as stated in " Sideshow Bob Roberts ".

A soft electronic currency is one that allows for reversal of payments, for example in case of fraud or disputes.

Similarly, when the outlawed Batasuna tried to use Acción Nacionalista Vasca as a proxy to re-organize its ranks, in a different case the ECHR also upheld in 2011 the previous Spanish court rulings which had outlawed ANV, noting that this party had not run by itself in elections since 1977 and that it basically conformed a " fraud " to circumvent the outlawing of Batasuna.

* Walker Process fraud: Illegal monopolization through the maintenance and enforcement of a patent obtained via fraud on the Patent Office ( the term comes from the Supreme Court case Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp., 382 U. S. 172 ( 1965 )).

Pollard said the fraud case cause him to switch his partisan affiliaton from Democrat to Republican.

* In 2009, a case went to trial in France, after a woman claims to have been pressured into paying € 21, 000 ($ 29, 400 ) to the Church of Scientology for lessons, books and medicines for her poor mental state accused the Church of Scientology of " organised fraud ".

2005 saw an investigation into the finances of School District 168 and what was described by the Cook County States Attorney as the " worst case of financial fraud by a public official ".

The judge referred to it as biggest fraud case in Canadian history.

The Deputy Chief of Police ( Kenneth Weiner ), also a close associate of Coleman Young, was charged and convicted in a separate case involving investment fraud.

The ' recruit to dilute ' fraud allegations were heard at trial in 2000 in the case Sir William Jaffray & Others v. The Society of Lloyd's, and the appeal was heard in 2002.

After losing a tax fraud case in 1990, the brothel was closed for three months and auctioned off.

The continued existence of TAI was questioned in a 2007 letter from the BIPM to the ITU-R which stated " In the case of a redefinition of UTC without leap seconds, the CCTF would consider discussing the possibility of suppressing TAI, as it would remain parallel to the continuous UTC.

In 2007, the first case of bluetongue in the Czech Republic was detected in one bull near Cheb at the Czech-German border.

In September 2007, the UK reported its first ever suspected case of the disease, in a Highland cow on a rare breeds farm near Ipswich, Suffolk.

* 2007: On September 16, 2007, hunter Rick Jacobs captured an image of a supposed Sasquatch by using an automatically triggered camera attached to a tree, prompting a spokesperson for the Pennsylvania Game Commission to say that it was likely an image of " a bear with a severe case of mange.

The case of the IWC 2007 Top Gun edition of the Pilot's Watch double chronograph is crafted in black ceramic.

A related 2007 case study noted that test users were able to describe roughly a third of the usability problems.

In July 2007, new forensic evidence was presented in the case and a status report jointly issued by the State and the Defense team stated, " Although most of the genetic material recovered from the scene was attributable to the victims of the offenses, some of it cannot be attributed to either the victims or the defendants.

The Judiciary Committee and the US Senate Finance Committee issued a scathing report in 2007, which found that Aguirre had been illegally fired in reprisal for his pursuit of Mack and in 2009, the SEC was forced to re-open its case against Pequot.

On October 5, 2007, Thomas was ordered to pay the six record companies ( Sony BMG, Arista Records LLC, Interscope Records, UMG Recordings Inc., Capitol Records Inc. and Warner Bros. Records Inc .) $ 9, 250 for each of the 24 songs they had focused on in this case.

In June 2007, the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission decided that there may have been a miscarriage of justice and referred Megrahi's case back to Court of Criminal Appeal in Edinburgh for a second appeal.

In another case, March 28, 2007, the broadcaster paid almost $ 400, 000 in legal fees in a London court to keep an internal memo dealing with alleged anti-Israeli bias from becoming public.

During 2007, Macquarie University faced a restructuring of its student organisation after an audit raised questions about management of hundreds of thousands of dollars in funds by student organisations At the centre of the investigation was Victor Ma, president of the Macquarie University Students ' Council, who had previously been involved in a high-profile case of student election fixing at the University of Sydney.

As of 2007, virtually all motherboards come with at least four USB ports on the rear, with at least 2 connections on the board internally for wiring additional front ports that may be built into the computer case.

Memorandums from an Illinois court case in 2007 state their membership in the United States at 40.

Additionally, a judge ruling on the same case in November 2007 has stated that forcing the suspect to reveal his PGP passphrase would violate his Fifth Amendment rights i. e. a suspect's constitutional right not to incriminate himself.

" The case went to court in October 2007 ; after three trials, five of the suspects were convicted and two were acquitted.

A 2007 fatal case in akiller whale in Texas broadened the known host range of West Nile virus to include cetaceans.

While the government admitted it was, at that time, drugging people without their consent, U. S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel found Ritchie could not prove he was one of the victims of MKUltra or that LSD caused his robbery attempt and dismissed the case in 2007.

In a particularly brutal case in the United States, on March 14, 2007, in Wahneta, Florida, 25-year-old Ryan Keith Skipper was found dead from 20 stab wounds and a slit throat.

In 2007 Jack Sheldon rejected Edmonds's calculations, suggesting that although German casualties 1 June – 10 November were 217, 194 were available in Volume III of the Sanitätsbericht, ( Medical Report Concerning the German Army 1914 – 1918 ( 1934 )) Edmonds may not have included them as they did not fit his case.

In June 2007, in the case Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, the U. S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the FCC could not issue indecency fines against the Fox network because the FCC does not have the authority to fine broadcasters for fleeting expletives, such as in the case of the Billboard Awards.

The construction works on the locks have been stalled for many years due to lack of funding, but it is possible that they will be included in a massive development program launched by the Brazilian government in 2007, in which case they could be operational within about four years.