Lately, the predominant use of the term " sexual orientation " is considered to reduce a whole category of desires and emotions, as well as power and connection, to sex.

Among the conditions purportedly treated were arthritis, allergies, asthma, some coronary difficulties, eye trouble, ulcers, migraine headaches, ' sexual deviation ' ( a category which for Hubbard included homosexuality ) and even death.

After a vote by the APA trustees in 1973, and confirmed by the wider APA membership in 1974, the diagnosis was replaced with the category of " sexual orientation disturbance ".

Additionally, the diagnosis of ego-dystonic homosexuality replaced the DSM-II category of " sexual orientation disturbance ".

From 1970 activists protested the classification of homosexuality as a mental illness by the American Psychiatric Association in their Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and in 1974 it was replaced with a category of " sexual orientation disturbance " then " ego-dystonic homosexuality ", which was also deleted, although " gender identity disorder " remains.

Contemporary scientific research suggests that the majority of the human population is bisexual, adhering to a fluid sexual scale rather than a category, as Western society typically views sexual nature.

An additional category, X, was mentioned to describe asexuals, those who experienced no sexual desire.

The DSM-II ( 1968 ) continued to use the term " sexual deviations ", but no longer ascribed them under personality disorders, but rather them alongside them in a broad category titled " personality disorders and certain other nonpsychotic mental disorders ".

No definition or examples were provided for " other sexual deviation ", but the general category of sexual deviation was meant to describe the sexual preference of individuals that was " directed primarily toward objects other than people of opposite sex, toward sexual acts not usually associated with coitus, or toward coitus performed under bizarre circumstances, as in necrophilia, pedophilia, sexual sadism, and fetishism.

The DSM-III-R ( 1987 ) renamed the broad category to sexual disorders, renamed atypical paraphilia to paraphilia NOS ( not otherwise specified ), finessed transvestism as transvestic fetishism, added frotteurism, and removed zoophilia, relegating it to the NOS category.

The DSM-IV ( 1994 ) retained the sexual disorders classification for paraphlias, but added an even broader category, " sexual and gender identity disorders ", which includes them.

DSM-IV-TR describes 8 specific disorders of this type ( exhibitionism, fetishism, frotteurism, pedophilia, sexual masochism, sexual sadism, voyeurism, and transvestic fetishism ) along with a ninth residual category, paraphilia not otherwise specified ( NOS ).

Asexuality ( the lack of romantic or sexual attraction to others ) is sometimes identified as the fourth category.

For example, Trobriand Islanders prohibit both sexual relations between a woman and her brother, and between a woman and her father, but they describe these prohibitions in very different ways: relations between a woman and her brother fall within the category of forbidden relations among members of the same clan ; relations between a woman and her father do not.

A borderline category includes words that are euphemistic evasions of " stronger " words, as well as those that happen to be short and have both an expletive sound to some listeners as well as a sexual or excretory meaning ( many also have other, non-vulgar meanings ):

* Article 137c: He who publicly, orally, in writing or graphically, intentionally expresses himself insultingly regarding a group of people because of their race, their religion or their life philosophy, their heterosexual or homosexual orientation or their physical, psychological or mental disability, shall be punished by imprisonment of no more than a year or a monetary penalty of the third category.

* Article 137d: He who publicly, orally, in writing or graphically, incites hatred against, discrimination of or violent action against person or belongings of people because of their race, their religion or their life philosophy, their gender, their heterosexual or homosexual orientation or their physical, psychological or mental disability, shall be punished by imprisonment of no more than a year or a monetary penalty of the third category.

After previous controversy over APA's classification of homosexuality as a mental illness, there is also controversy regarding the remaining category of " sexual disorder not otherwise specified " which can include a state of distress about one's sexual orientation, as well as the diagnosis of " gender identity disorder " or gender dysphoria.

On June 15, 2004, Warner was among the minority of his party to vote to expand hate crime laws to include sexual orientation as a protected category.

Transgender people have criticized the HRC for its stance on the 2007 version of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act ( ENDA ), which enumerated sexual orientation as a protected category but not gender identity and expression.

This category concerns orientation: means of expressing relative positions.

In the same year, he mailed out a controversial pamphlet opposing the addition of sexual orientation as a protected category under Canada's hate crimes legislation.

He was a vocal opponent of Bill C-250 ( 2003 ), which made sexual orientation a protected category under Canada's hate crime legislation.

This category is for articles that describe sexual orientation as a social issue ( cultural, political, etc.

In 1998, Ecuador became the first country in the Americas ( and only the third worldwide after South Africa and Fiji ) to include sexual orientation as a protected category in its constitution.

Communicator characteristics share much of the same qualities of interactant variables, but co orientation variables, which encompassed information about the relationship between interactants, have been broken out into their own category – relational characteristics.

He claimed that not only were examples of magic largely incredible but that the crime of witchcraft was literally impossible, so that anyone who confessed to the crime was likely to be suffering some mental disturbance ( mainly " melancholy ," which was at that time a very flexible category with many different symptoms ).

Shout at Eichmann though he might, the Prosecutor could not establish that the defendant was falsifying the way he felt about Jews or that what he did feel fell into the generally recognized category of anti-Semitism.

At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27, 1957, the Best Foreign Language Film category was introduced.

It was nominated in the New Times 1998 " Best Latin Influenced " category, the BAM Magazine 1999 " Best Rock en Español " category, and the LA Weekly 1999 " Best Hip Hop " category.

Posthumously, he was named " Asian of the Century " in the " Arts, Literature, and Culture " category by AsianWeek magazine and CNN, cited as " one of the people who contributed most to the betterment of Asia in the past 100 years ".

For a small category of votes a quorum of 6000 was required, principally grants of citizenship, and here small coloured stones were used, white for yes and black for no.

He gave lectures on category theory in the forests surrounding Hanoi while the city was being bombed, to protest against the Vietnam War ( The Life and Work of Alexander Grothendieck, American Mathematical Monthly, vol.

In 2010, Acadia was ranked second in Maclean's Magazine for Best Overall in the Primarily Undergraduate University category.

The film also won the Critics ' Award at Fantasporto, and was nominated for the International Fantasy Film Award in the category of Best Film in 1993.

Together with Ulvaeus, Andersson was nominated for a Drama Desk Award in a category " Outstanding Music " ( for the musical Chess ), and for a Tony Award in a category " Best Orchestrations " ( for musical Mamma Mia !).

The sacrifice fly as a statistical category was instituted in 1908, only to be discontinued in 1931.

Two projects, the apartment building project in Dessau and the Törten row housing also in Dessau, fall in that category, but developing worker housing was not the first priority of Gropius nor Mies.

A separate " award " was soon enacted for Night BASE jumping when Mayfield completed each category at night, becoming Night BASE # 1, with Smith qualifying a few weeks later.

Mexican Americans were not identified as a racial / ethnic category prior to the 1980 US Census, when the term " Hispanic " was first used in census reports.

The subsequent development of category theory was powered first by the computational needs of homological algebra, and later by the axiomatic needs of algebraic geometry, the field most resistant to being grounded in either axiomatic set theory or the Russell-Whitehead view of united foundations.

Although the WHIP ratio was not calculated until well after Young's death, Young was the retroactive league leader in this category seven times and was second or third another seven times.

In other words, by the simple fact that he was regarded as a hero, de Gozon was identified with a category, an archetype, which equipped him with a mythical biography from which it was impossible to omit combat with a reptilian monster.

The first official attempt was the 1840 census which used a single category, " idiocy / insanity ".