Mass-scale 3D photonic crystal films and fibres can now be produced using a shear-assembly technique which stacks 200-300 nm colloidal polymer spheres into perfect films of fcc lattice.

Monodisperse powders of colloidal silica, for example, may therefore be stabilized sufficiently to ensure a high degree of order in the colloidal crystal or polycrystalline colloidal solid which results from aggregation.

For instance, a change of orientation of molecules as in liquid crystal displays, by interference and diffraction as in lustre pigments and holography, and by modifying the movement of light through materials by electrical means as in organic lasers, or in conjunction with light, opto-electronics, or by purely optical means photonics for instance by using photonic crystals made by colloidal synthesis and other methods.

Monodisperse powders of colloidal silica, for example, may therefore be stabilized sufficiently to ensure a high degree of order in the colloidal crystal or polycrystalline colloidal solid which results from aggregation.

Stabilized suspensions of such sub-micrometre spherical particles may eventually result in their self-assembly — yielding highly ordered microstructures reminiscent of the prototype colloidal crystal: precious opal.

Monodisperse powders of colloidal silica, for example, may therefore be stabilized sufficiently to ensure a high degree of order in the colloidal crystal or polycrystalline colloidal solid which results from aggregation.

Dirt, which is here defined as particulate material which is usually inorganic and is very often extremely finely divided so as to exhibit colloidal properties.

Obviously, if colloidal particles bear charges of opposite sign or, if one kind is charged and the other kind is not, the attraction will be intensified and the tendency to agglomerate will be greatly reinforced.

Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.

A colloidal system consists of two separate phases: a dispersed phase ( or internal phase ) and a continuous phase ( or dispersion medium ) in which the colloid is dispersed.

The stability of a colloidal system is the capability of the system to remain as it is.

Viscoelastic colloidal gels, such as bentonite and toothpaste, flow like liquids under shear, but maintain their shape when shear is removed.

The fully dissolved mixture is then refrigerated, slowly forming a colloidal gel as it cools.

However, in colloidal gold the metallic bonding is confined to a tiny metallic particle, preventing the oscillation wave of the plasmon from ' running away '.

Ammoniation is necessary to preserve the latex in colloidal state for long.

Hydrogel ( also called aquagel ) is a network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium.

Between 30 and 40 ppm of alum for household wastewater, often more for industrial wastewater, is added to the water so that the negatively charged colloidal particles clump together into " flocs ", which then float to the top of the liquid, settle to the bottom of the liquid, or can be more easily filtered from the liquid, prior to further filtration and disinfection of the water.

; Latvia: Galerts is similar Latvian food consiting from meat in gelatin, often with vegetables, such as carrots, and celery added to the resulting colloidal suspension.

The reference dose, published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1991, which recommends the estimated daily exposure which is unlikely to incur an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime, is 5 µg / kg / d ; meaning 5 microgram of silver per kilogram of weight per person each day – about 1 litre of 10 ppm colloidal silver per month for a 66 kg person.

There is no scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of colloidal silver in vivo.

He has said that his good health, excepting the unusual skin tone, is the result of his use of colloidal silver.

Silver is also promoted within alternative medicine in the form of colloidal silver, although it has not been shown to be safe or effective.

Although colloidal silver products are legally available at health food stores in the United States and Australia and are marketed over the Internet as a dietary supplement, it is illegal in the U. S. and Australia for marketers to make claims of medical effectiveness for colloidal silver.

Reproduced from the book of Jean Baptiste Perrin, Les Atomes, three tracings of the motion of colloidal particles of radius 0. 53 µm, as seen under the microscope, are displayed.

Because of the size exclusion, the colloidal particles are unable to pass through the pores of an ultrafiltration membrane with a size smaller than their own dimension.

The exact value of the concentration of a truly dissolved species will thus depend on the experimental conditions applied to separate it from the colloidal particles also dispersed in the liquid.

* Dispersion of large particles or droplets to the colloidal dimensions by milling, spraying, or application of shear ( e. g., shaking, mixing, or high shear mixing ).

* Condensation of small dissolved molecules into larger colloidal particles by precipitation, condensation, or redox reactions.

Unstable colloidal dispersions form flocs as the particles aggregate due to interparticle attractions.

This removes the repulsive forces that keep colloidal particles separate and allows for coagulation due to van der Waals forces.

Polymer flocculants can bridge individual colloidal particles by attractive electrostatic interactions.

For example, negatively-charged colloidal silica or clay particles can be flocculated by the addition of a positively-charged polymer.

Unstable colloidal suspensions of low-volume fraction form clustered liquid suspensions, wherein individual clusters of particles fall to the bottom of the suspension ( or float to the top if the particles are less dense than the suspending medium ) once the clusters are of sufficient size for the Brownian forces that work to keep the particles in suspension to be overcome by gravitational forces.

Micrometre-scale colloidal particles are large enough to be observed by optical techniques such as confocal microscopy.

Soil colloidal particles ( clay and humus ) behave as a repository of nutrients and moisture, and buffer the variations of soil solution ions.

Most nutrients originate from minerals and are stored in organic material both live and dead and on colloidal particles as ions.

Alternatively, the primary antibody can be detected using fluorescent label ( immunofluorescence ), or be attached to colloidal gold particles for electron microscopy.

The fine, anoxic sediments under mangroves act as sinks for a variety of heavy ( trace ) metals which colloidal particles in the sediments scavenged from the water.

All three models consider micelles as colloidal particles formed by casein aggregates wrapped up in soluble κ-casein molecules.

Lansdown states that " Chronic ingestion or inhalation of silver preparations ( especially colloidal silver ) can lead to deposition of silver metal / silver sulphide particles in the skin ( argyria ), eye ( argyrosis ) and other organs.

Historically, colloidal silver, a liquid suspension of microscopic silver particles, was also used as an internal medication to treat a variety of diseases.

Since the 1990s, " colloidal silver ", a liquid suspension of microscopic silver particles, has been marketed as an alternative medicine, often claiming impressive " cure-all " qualities.

The chronic intake of silver products and the silver buildup from colloidal silver can result in an accumulation of silver or silver sulfide particles in the hair, skin, kidneys, liver, heart and muscles due to high methionine-containing proteins, such as keratin, myosin, tropomyosin, troponin, and key dipeptide glutathione.