A common criticism has been that many social science scholars ( such as economists, sociologists, and psychologists ) in Western countries focus disproportionately on Western subjects, while anthropology focuses disproportionately on the " other "; this has changed over the last part of the twentieth century as anthropologists increasingly, also study Western subjects, particularly variation across class, region, or ethnicity within Western societies, and other social scientists increasingly take a global view of their fields.

Traditionally, amphibians as a class are defined as all tetrapods with a larval stage, while the group that includes the common ancestors of all living amphibians ( frogs, salamanders and caecilians ) and all their descendants is called Lissamphibia.

* A " Dreadnought ", arguably the most common body style, incorporates a deeper soundbox, but a smaller and less-pronounced upper bout ( the area of the soundbox between the waist and neck ) than most styles, giving a somewhat wedge-shaped appearance – hence its name, relating to a class of warship.

As was common in the Victorian era, women of her class were privately educated and rarely sent to college.

Confucius's social ascendancy linked him to the growing class of shi ( 士 ), a class intermediate between the aristocracy and the common people.

Two electric multiple unit s of the DBAG Class 423 | class 423 common in several German S-Bahn networks.

A crew is a body or a class of people who work at a common activity, generally in a structured or hierarchical organization.

The cavalry in the early Roman Republic remained the preserve of the wealthy landed class known as the equites — men who could afford the expense of maintaining a horse in addition to arms and armor heavier than those of the common legions.

A general conception is the common element among the many images of members of a class.

A common class of blends are metaphors.

The proposed class must consist of a group of individuals or business entities that have suffered a common injury or injuries.

# Commonality — there must be one or more legal or factual claims common to the entire class ( in some cases, it must be shown that the common issues will predominate the proceedings over individual issues, such as the amount of damages due to a particular class member ),

The ancestor of the class action was what modern observers call " group litigation ," which appears to have been quite common in medieval England from about 1200 onward.

In cases with common questions of law and fact, aggregation of claims into a class action may avoid the necessity of repeating " days of the same witnesses, exhibits and issues from trial to trial.

For example, a court might certify a case for class treatment where a number of individual bond-holders sue to determine whether they may convert their bonds to common stock.

Legislation in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Nova Scotia expressly or by judicial opinion have been read to allow for what are informally known as national " opt-out " class actions, whereby residents of other provinces may be included in the class definition and potentially be bound by the court's judgment on common issues unless they opt-out in a prescribed manner and time.

The term baekjeong literally means " a butcher ", but later changed into " common citizens " to change the class system so that the system would be without untouchables.

Most cable viewers in the US are in the suburbs and tend to be middle class ; cable television is less common in low income, inner city, and rural areas.

This still might not sound all that obvious, but in fact it is a common problem faced by almost all OO languages ; not everything fits into a class construct, many problems apply to all objects in the system and there's no natural way to handle this.

Its most common meaning, however, pertains to two principal ideals ; that social life should be structured through well-defined and well-regulated classes ( varna ), and that an individual's life within a class should be organized into defined stages ( ashrama, see dharmasastra ).

Pseudocode, flowcharts and control tables are structured ways to express algorithms that avoid many of the ambiguities common in natural language statements.

In theoretical analysis of algorithms it is common to estimate their complexity in the asymptotic sense, i. e., to estimate the complexity function for arbitrarily large input.

Most symmetric-key algorithms in common use are designed to have security equal to their key length.

The earliest surviving description of the Euclidean algorithm is in Euclid's Elements ( c. 300 BC ), making it one of the oldest numerical algorithms still in common use.

Some of the earliest-used algorithms, such as decision trees, produced systems of hard if-then rules similar to the systems of hand-written rules that were then common.

There are other, less-desirable algorithms in common use.

Other common ad-hoc algorithms try to emulate manual shuffling with poor success: the permutations they produce are usually far from random and the running times are poor.

Because symmetric key algorithms are nearly always much less computationally intensive than asymmetric ones, it is common to exchange a key using a key-exchange algorithm, then transmit data using that key and a symmetric key algorithm.

A wide variety of algorithms have been developed to facilitate detection of promoters in genomic sequence, and promoter prediction is a common element of many gene prediction methods.

There are four common track algorithms.

Some common features of queue managers are: re-prioritization of the queue, management of software licenses, and algorithms to best optimize throughput based on various types of hardware in the farm.

However common understanding is computer as a user-programmable item for complex algorithms, interfacing and data management.

It is common for the data mining algorithms to find patterns in the training set which are not present in the general data set.

Good statistical properties are a central requirement for the output of a PRNG, and common classes of suitable algorithms include linear congruential generators, lagged Fibonacci generators, and linear feedback shift registers.

He is the discoverer of several graph algorithms, including Tarjan's off-line least common ancestors algorithm, and co-inventor of both splay trees and Fibonacci heaps.

Some of his well-known algorithms include Tarjan's off-line least common ancestors algorithm, and Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm.

* List of common shading algorithms

Instead of Y ' UV, Y ' CbCr was used as the standard format for ( digital ) common video compression algorithms such as MPEG-2.

* Many string algorithms including longest common subsequence, longest increasing subsequence, longest common substring, Levenshtein distance ( edit distance ).

Many common pattern recognition algorithms are probabilistic in nature, in that they use statistical inference to find the best label for a given instance.

In this section it is used both in the context of existing programs and also in the design and implementation of new algorithms, thereby avoiding the most common performance pitfalls.

Another important application of trigonometric tables and generation schemes is for fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) algorithms, where the same trigonometric function values ( called twiddle factors ) must be evaluated many times in a given transform, especially in the common case where many transforms of the same size are computed.

Finding integer roots or exact algebraic roots are separate problems, whose algorithms have little in common with those discussed here.

* List of common shading algorithms