Lincoln successfully led his country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization.

* 2009 – President of Fiji Ratu Josefa Iloilo announces he will suspend the constitution and assume all governance in the country, creating a constitutional crisis.

An instance of a Governor General exercising his power was during the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, when the Australian Prime Minister of the time, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed by the Governor-General.

However, in times of constitutional crisis the Administrator can appoint someone else as Chief Minister.

Yet the logic of his argument pointed to the position he would espouse during the constitutional crisis of 1937.

The term started to get its modern negative meaning with Cornelius Sulla's ascension to the dictatorship following Sulla's second civil war, making himself the first Dictator in more than a century ( during which the office was ostensibly abolished ) as well as de facto eliminating the time limit and need of senatorial acclamation, although he avoided a major constitutional crisis by resigning the office after about one year due to poor health, dying shortly after.

Roldós's constitutional successor, Osvaldo Hurtado, immediately faced an economic crisis brought on by the sudden end of the petroleum boom.

Amid the Assembly's preoccupation with constitutional affairs, the financial crisis had continued largely unaddressed, and the deficit had only increased.

Over the course of a year, such disagreements would lead to a constitutional crisis.

The constitutional crisis of 1975 prominently raised the possibility of the Prime Minister and the Governor-General attempting to dismiss each other at the same time.

The Queen chose not to intervene during the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, in which Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismissed the Labor government of Gough Whitlam, on the basis that it was a matter " clearly placed within the jurisdiction of the Governor-General ".

The most notable use of the reserve powers occurred in November, 1975, in the course of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis.

The public role adopted by Sir John Kerr was curtailed considerably after the constitutional crisis of 1975 ; Sir William Deane's public statements on political issues produced some hostility towards him ; and some charities disassociated themselves from Peter Hollingworth after the issue of his management of sex abuse cases during his time as Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane became a matter of controversy.

The rise, and later assassination, of the dictator Julius Caesar marked the beginning of a constitutional crisis that would lead to the reorganization of the Republic into the Roman Empire.

On 28 June 2009, in the context of a constitutional crisis, the military, acting on orders of the Supreme Court of Justice, arrested the president, Manuel Zelaya after which they forcibly removed elected President Zelaya from Honduras.

See the article 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis regarding claims regarding legitimacy and illegitimacy of the event, and events preceding and following the removal of Zelaya from Honduras.

Over the course of a year, disagreements like this would result in a constitutional crisis, leading the Revolution to higher levels.

* 2010 – The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis ends when Porfirio Lobo Sosa becomes the new President of Honduras.

Later that year, in the context of a series of ministerial scandals that were rocking the Whitlam government, Fraser opted to use the Coalition opposition Senate numbers to delay the government's budget bills with the objective of achieving an early election ( see 1975 Australian constitutional crisis ).

* 1962 – Arturo Frondizi, the president of Argentina, is overthrown in a military coup by Argentina's armed forces, ending an 11 and a half day constitutional crisis.

* 1975 – Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam, appoints Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister and announces a general election to be held in early December.

The constitutional crisis initially developed when the newly appointed Attorney General refused to grant permission for the Nevis Island Administration to assert its legal right in the Courts.

* 1975 – The Australian Coalition opposition parties using their senate majority, vote to defer the decision to grant supply of funds for the Whitlam Government's annual budget, sparking the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis.

* During the 1975 constitutional crisis, on 11 November 1975, the governor-general, Sir John Kerr, dismissed the Labor Party's Gough Whitlam as prime minister.

Asquith's Cabinet Reacts to the Lords ' Rejection of the " People's Budget "— a satirical cartoon, 1909 Prime Minister Asquith's government welcomed the Lords ' veto of the " People's Budget "; it moved the country toward a constitutional crisis over the Lords ' legislative powers.

After an initially conservative period, strong liberal sentiments arose, so that in the 1848 constitution the country was made a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch.

This constitutional episode arose because of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the legislation introduced to give that Treaty legal effect.

He decided to have zero of them, and appointed instead Councillors of State-a circumvention that enabled him to deny their constitutional prerogatives if need arose.

Although the Panama Canal Zone was legally an unincorporated US territory until the implementation of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties in 1979, questions arose almost from its inception as to whether the Zone was considered part of the United States for constitutional purposes, or, in the phrase of the day, whether the Constitution followed the flag.

American poetry, the poetry of the United States, arose first as efforts by colonists to add their voices to English poetry in the 17th century, well before the constitutional unification of the thirteen colonies ( although before this, a strong oral tradition often likened to poetry existed among Native American societies ).

Some doubt arose over the constitutional legality of Musharraf's rule.

Following the enactment of the Manitoba Act, questions arose whether the federal Parliament had the constitutional authority to create new provinces by ordinary federal statute.

The Ministry was created for Harold Wilson on 1 November 1968 when responsibilities for the pay and management of the civil service was transferred from Her Majesty's Treasury to a new Civil Service Department ; to make clear the continued authority of the First Lord of the Treasury ( an office held by the Prime Minister ) over the Civil Service, a constitutional convention arose that the Prime Minister would be head of the Department.

The constitutional Portuguese government, with whom he-in spite of his absolutistic inclinations-was on very good terms, repeatedly called in his collaboration and his knowledge of the history of cartography and discovery whenever there arose conflicts with other powers regarding Portugal's claims to territories in Africa.

This society, which arose out of the public excitement created by the Austro-Sardinian War, had for its object the formation of a national party which should strive for the unity and the constitutional liberty of the whole Fatherland.

The polls returned the nation to constitutional democratic rule after a devastating civil war that arose from long-standing ethnic tensions between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority.

The last attempt at a comprehensive package of constitutional amendments was the Charlottetown Accord, which arose out of the failure of the Meech Lake Accord.

This remarkable constitutional episode arose because of the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the legislation introduced to give that Treaty legal effect.

In 1654, New England raiders attacked Acadian settlements on the Annapolis Basin, starting a period of uncertainty for Acadians throughout the English constitutional crises under Oliver Cromwell, and only being properly resolved under the Treaty of Breda in 1667 when France's claim to the region was reaffirmed.

In March 1994, the PGE created a constitutional commission charged with drafting a constitution flexible enough to meet the current needs of a population suffering from 30 years of civil war as well as those of the future, when stability and prosperity change the political landscape.

" Elizabeth's reign became idealised as a time when crown, church and parliament had worked in constitutional balance.

The martial law continued until 1962 when the government of Field Marshal Ayub Khan commissioned a constitutional bench under Chief Justice of Pakistan, Muhammad Shahabuddin, containing ten senior justices, each five from East Pakistan and five from West Pakistan.

Aiming to carry out the parties proposals through a series of constitutional referendums, the proposals were echoed by Labour leader Eamon Gilmore, when he proposed his own constitutional crusade at his 2010 party conference, shortly after.

The remaining constitutional functions of the Monarch are to open the annual session of the Riksdag, to chair the foreign advisory committee, to preside at the special cabinet council when a new Prime Minister takes office, and to be kept informed by the Prime Minister on matters of state.

Monroe sparked a constitutional controversy when, in 1817, he sent General Andrew Jackson to move against Spanish Florida to pursue hostile Seminole Indians and punish the Spanish for aiding them.

“ Aliens receive constitutional protections when they have come within the territory of the United States and developed substantial connections with this country ”

: Subject to its constitutional principles and the basic concepts of its legal system, each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish as a criminal offence under its domestic law, when committed intentionally, the possession, purchase or cultivation of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances for personal consumption contrary to the provisions of the 1961 Convention, the 1961 Convention as amended or the 1971 Convention.

Further, as executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the Royal Prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers, the sovereign's supremacy over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a " rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the Prime Minister bows before the Queen, he bows before us Canadian people.

A meaningful starting point, however, is 1688 – 9 when James II fled England and the Parliament of England confirmed William and Mary as joint constitutional monarchs, enacting legislation that limited their authority and that of their successors: the Bill of Rights ( 1689 ), the Mutiny Bill ( 1689 ), the Triennial Bill ( 1694 ), the Treason Act ( 1696 ) and the Act of Settlement ( 1701 ).

But in 1834, Robert Peel, the new Conservative leader, put an end to this threat when he stated in his Tamworth Manifesto that the Bill was " a final and irrevocable settlement of a great constitutional question which no friend to the peace and welfare of this country would attempt to disturb ".

He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly, especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy.

That conflict reached a climax in September and October 1993, when President Boris Yeltsin used military force to dissolve the parliament and called for new legislative elections ( see Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 ).

By an overall majority, the Senate is the institution that authorizes the Government to adopt measures to enforce an autonomous community's compliance with its constitutional duties when it has failed to do so.

Southern Cameroons scored a victory in a legal battle against the Republic of Cameroon when the African Commission for Human and Peoples ' Rights found that there were unresolved issues with the constitutional structure of the Republic of Cameroon vis-a-vis Southern Cameroons.

Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli was accused by William Ewart Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds.

However since 1932, when the military, with the help of civilians, decided to overthrow the system of absolute monarchy and instead created a constitutional system, the military has dominated and been in control of Thai politics, providing it with many Prime Ministers and carrying out many Coup d ' états, the most recent being in 2006.

However, when Michigan sought to hold a state constitutional convention in 1833, Congress rejected the request because of the still disputed Toledo Strip.

Bounds has been interpreted by several United States courts of appeals to mean a pro se defendant does not have a constitutional right to access a prison law library to research his defense when access to the courts has been provided through appointed counsel.

" It left to future courts how best to determine when a particular federal regulation may be " destructive of state sovereignty or violative of any constitutional provision.