In 1998, a constitutional reform, led by the government of the President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, introduced regulatory agencies as a part of the executive branch.

However, in November 1992 elections were held for an enlarged Legislative Assembly and the Government was soundly defeated, casting doubt on constitutional reform.

This has led to calls to reform the Senate ; however, such a move would entail constitutional changes.

The party leadership has been eager to be seen to engage in an ongoing constitutional debate in Ireland on the topic of political reform.

FG's Phil Hogan TD, has published the party's answer to the political and constitutional reform question.

Partly as a result of Marryshow's lobbying the Wood Commission of 1921-1922 concluded that Grenada was ready for constitutional reform in the form of a ' modified ' Crown Colony government.

In the aftermath of the 1994 restoration of constitutional governance, Haitian officials have indicated their commitment to economic reform through the implementation of sound fiscal and monetary policies and the enactment of legislation mandating the modernization of state-owned enterprises.

In the area of constitutional reform, undoubtedly the most significant event of Holt's time as Prime Minister was the 1967 referendum in which an overwhelming majority of Australians voted in favour of giving the Commonwealth power to legislate specifically for indigenous Australians and to include them in the Commonwealth census.

Politically, these opposition forces organized into three competing parties: The liberal elements among the industrial capitalists and nobility, who believed in peaceful social reform and a constitutional monarchy, founded the Constitutional Democratic party or Kadets in 1905.

Campaigns for constitutional reform during the 19th century successfully called for: the replacement of lay Jurats with professional judges in the Royal Court to decide questions of law ; the establishment of a Police Court ( later known as the Magistrate's Court ); the creation of a Petty Debts Court ; a professional, salaried police force for St Helier in addition to the Honorary Police ; and the reform of " archaic procedure of the Royal Court for criminal trials ".

On July 30, 2007, a constitutional reform gave the Juan Fernández Islands and Easter Island the status of special territories of Chile.

The emergence of mass opposition in 1990-91 and demands for constitutional reform were met by rallies against pluralism.

On 15 August 2002, in his National Day Address, Prince Hans-Adam II announced that after months of intensive negotiations, a compromise in the debate on constitutional reform had been reached.

After the constitutional reform of 2003 it became a collectivité d ' outre-mer while keeping the title collectivité départementale de Mayotte.

Gradual political reforms in the 1990s culminated in the constitutional reform of 1996, which created a new bicameral legislature with expanded, although still limited, powers.

In the preceding year, the British government had appointed a new constitutional reform commission under Sir John Simon, which did not include any Indian as its member.

He publicly attacked the Belgian annexation policy and unrestricted submarine warfare and later supported calls for constitutional reform, democratisation and universal suffrage.

The committee recommended constitutional reform and the establishment of an island administration for Saint Kitts, separate from the Federal Government.

" In the United States, political scientists known as " Americanists " look at a variety of data including constitutional development, elections, public opinion and public policy such as Social Security reform ,..... foreign policy, US Congressional committees, and the US Supreme Court — to name only a few issues.

Similarly, Sun Yat-sen's government wanted a republican constitutional reform, both aiming for the benefit of China's economy and populace.

The UP sought political reforms ( known as Apertura Democratica ) such as constitutional reform, more democratic local elections, political decentralization, and ending the domination of Colombian politics by the Liberal and Conservative parties.

In April 1987, President Chun made a declaration in an attempt to overpower the opposition that measures would be taken to protect the current constitution at the end of his term, instead of contemplating constitutional reform that would call for direct election of the president.

Much like in Britain, who subtracted itself from the liberal constitutional process, Spanish conservatives wanted to continue with the Traditional Spanish Organic Laws such as the Fuero Juzgo, the Novísima Recopilación and the Partidas of Alfonso X.

Because the United States Constitution sets no limits on this tripartite authority of administrative agencies, Congress enacted the APA to establish fair administrative law procedures to comply with the constitutional requirements of due process.

Subsequently in May 2005 the ruling UDP was ousted by the PPM, which restarted the process of constitutional modernisation.

In reality, however, following a process of constitutional evolution, powers are usually only exercised by direction of a cabinet, presided over by a prime minister who is answerable to the legislature.

In March 2009, the House of Lords Constitution Committee criticised UK government proposals in the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Bill dealing with the Common Travel Area, concluding that " the policy-making process ... has not been informed by any real appreciation of the constitutional status of the Crown dependencies or the rights of free movement of Islanders ".

The charter was an important part of the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law in the English speaking world.

When there are no specific constitutional duties involved, the issue is to be decided through the democratic process.

In October 1990 President Momoh set up a constitutional review commission to review the 1978 one-party constitution with a view to broadening the existing political process, guaranteeing fundamental human rights and the rule of law, and strengthening and consolidating the democratic foundation and structure of the nation.

( Of course, as sovereign nations, each is free to withdraw from the arrangement, using their respective process for constitutional amendment, and no longer be united through common allegiance to the Crown.

Republicans opposed the ratification process, and were infuriated that the Democrats were attempting to revise the entire constitution without calling a constitutional convention, as had been called for the state's two previous constitutions.

The constitutional flaws in the process of presidential succession had been known since the death of President William Henry Harrison in 1841, but little progress had been made passing a constitutional amendment to remedy the problem.

The President has no formal role in the constitutional amendment process.

The states unanimously ratified the Bill of Rights ; the Thirteenth Amendment, abolishing slavery ; the Fourteenth Amendment, providing for equal protection and due process ; the Fifteenth Amendment, prohibiting racial discrimination in voting ; and the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women a federal constitutional right to vote.

While the Chief Justice is appointed by the President, there is no specific constitutional prohibition against using another method to select the Chief Justice from among those Justices properly appointed and confirmed to the Supreme Court, and at least one scholar has proposed that presidential appointment should be done away with, and replaced by a process that permits the Justices to select their own Chief Justice.

Constitutional scholars, editorial boards, and the Monarchist League of Canada have argued against any such constitutional tinkering with the viceregal appointment process, stating that the position being " not elected is an asset, not a handicap ," and that an election would politicize the office, thereby undermining the impartiality necessary to the proper functioning of the governor general.

Due process is not used in contemporary English law, though two similar concepts are natural justice ( which generally applies only to decisions of administrative agencies and some types of private bodies like trade unions ) and the British constitutional concept of the rule of law as articulated by A. V. Dicey and others.

The reformation of the Legislative Council is often left as a footnote in the Territory's history-a mere part of the process that led to the more fundamental constitutional government in 1966-and the 1950 constitution was in fact always envisaged as a temporary measure.

Through this process the commons, and the community they represented, became increasingly politically aware, and the foundation was laid for the particular English brand of constitutional monarchy.

The only difference is that in federal countries the subnational governments may be involved in decision making process through some appropriate political or constitutional forum while the central government may dominate quite heavily in a unitary country.

The monarchy has thus been described as the underlying principle of Canada's institutional unity and the monarch as a " guardian of constitutional freedoms " whose " job is to ensure that the political process remains intact and is allowed to function.

Under former Prime Minister Howard, a monarchist, the government initiated a process to settle the republican debate, involving a constitutional convention and a referendum.

This interpretation suggests that the " English Revolution " was the final act in the long process of reform and consolidation by Parliament to achieve a balanced constitutional monarchy in Britain, and laws were made that pointed towards freedom.